IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


A 


1.0 


I.I 


1.25 


If  i^  IIM 
124  '""— 


iil 


1^ 


2.0 


1.8 


U    ill  1.6 


Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  NY.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notas/Notaa  tachniquaa  et  bibliographiquaa 


Tha  Iriatituta  haa  attamptad  to  obtain  tha  baat 
original  copy  availabia  for  filming.  Faaturaa  of  thia 
copy  which  may  ba  bibliographically  uniqua, 
which  may  altar  any  of  tha  imbgaa  in  tha 
raproduction,  or  which  may  aignif  icantly  changa 
tha  usual  mathod  of  filming,  ara  chacliad  balow. 


13 


n 


n 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couieur 


I     I   Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommagte 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurie  et/ou  peliiculAe 

Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  gtographiques  en  couieur 

Coloured  init  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  blacit)/ 
Encre  de  couieur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couieur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
RailA  avec  d'autres  documents 


D 


Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  reliure  serr^e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  intArieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajoutAes 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte. 
mais.  lorsque  cela  Atait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  AtA  filmAes. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commontaires  supplAmentalres; 


L'Institut  a  microfilm*  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  4tA  poaaibia  da  aa  procurer.  Las  details 
d»  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-itre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographlque,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mAthode  normala  de  filmaga 
aont  indiqufo  ci-dessous. 


I — I   Coloured  pages/ 


D 
D 
D 
D 
D 


D 


Pages  de  couieur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagAes 

Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurAas  et/ou  pelliculAes 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  dicolorAes,  tachetAes  ou  piquAes 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  d^tachAes 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 


I      I    Quality  of  print  varies/ 


Quality  InAgale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  materiel  suppl^mentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seuie  6dition  diaponibia 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc..  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata.  une  pelure. 
etc..  ont  M  filmAes  li  nouvaau  de  fa^on  A 
obtenir  la  meilleure  Image  possible. 


1 

s 
7 

V 

h 

d 

• 
b 
ri 
r( 
n 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checl(ed  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film*  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqu*  ci-dessous. 

10X  14X  18X  22X 


12X 


16X 


20X 


26X 


30X 


71 


24X 


28X 


1 


32X 


Th«  copy  filmad  h«r«  has  b—n  rsproducad  thanks 
to  tha  ganarosity  of: 

Library  Division 

Provincial  Archives  of  British  Columbia 

Tha  imagas  appaaring  hara  ara  tha  bast  quality 
possibia  considaring  tha  condition  and  lagibility 
of  tha  original  copy  and  in  kaaping  with  tha 
filming  contract  spacifications. 


Original  copias  in  printad  papar  covars  ara  filmad 
baginning  with  tha  front  covar  and  anding  on 
tha  last  paga  with  a  printad  or  illustratad  impras- 
sion,  or  tha  back  covar  whan  appropriata.  All 
othar  original  copias  ara  filmad  baginning  on  tha 
first  paga  with  a  printad  or  illustratad  impras- 
sion,  and  anding  on  tha  last  paga  with  a  printad 
or  illustratad  imprassion. 


Tha  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — »>  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  Tha  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


L'exemplaira  film*  fut  raproduit  grica  A  la 
gAnirosit*  da: 

Library  Division 

Provincial  Archives  of  British  Columbia 

Las  imagas  suivantas  ont  At*  raproduites  avac  la 
plus  grand  soin.  compta  tanu  da  la  condition  at 
da  la  nattet*  de  l'exemplaira  film«,  at  an 
conformity  avac  las  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmaga. 

Las  examplairas  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimAa  sont  filmAs  en  commen^ant 
par  la  premier  plat  at  an  tarminant  soit  par  la 
darnlAra  paga  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  la  second 
plat,  salon  la  cas.  Tous  las  autras  axemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmAs  un  commenpant  par  la 
premiere  paga  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  at  en  terminant  par 
la  darniAre  paga  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
derniAre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  -h»>  signifie  "A  SUIVRE  ",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN  ". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
filmAs  A  des  taux  de  reduction  diff Arents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichA,  il  est  film*  A  partir 
de  I'angle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite, 
at  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'imagas  nAcessaire.  Las  diagracnmes  suivants 
il!ustrent  la  mAthode. 


12  3 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

■  IIIIIIIIHWWMHIIHI 


i 


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V 


! 


1: 


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ii 


» 


A  RACE  rOR  EMPIRE 


fe 


AND 


OTHER  TRUE  TALES 
OF  THE  NORTHWEST 


I 
I 


'D^ 


>s»^'"*,«». 


imam 


IJAVE  you   hicard  rf  tl^e  triaq  and  thje  woqderful   ride 
I    Th,at  saved  tl^e  Nortliv/t,  t  coast  to  our  side; 

Of  \i\e  qaq  v/ho  crossed  tl^e  plaiqs  vii{\\  Fjis  hride; 
Built  a  wagoq  road  over  tf^e  Great  Divide 

To  rrjake  hi'H  ^  ^o"^®  °1  "''^  <''^'="'  ^''■'^®' 
Thieq  sacrificed  self  for  the  land  if   f^is  pride, 
Ar^d,  to  save  it  for  us,  as  a  rrjartyr  died  ? 


-U.0.  0.  J    Fairfitld. 


wmmm 


' 


*f/^#^ 


,»i 


--'^^^  ;£7*>^ 


"  WHERE  ROi-i-S  THE  OREGON  " 
B')«  Car.y.in  ,.n  Pen. I  (I  O^e    'c  R'ver,  one  of  th«  chief  soufcos  of  ttie  Coluir.bii,  fotmeily  cal  ed 


tl-9  O'egofi. 


Jy» 


>iij»"*V^ 


'^^-'i^  ^" 


^'^    Vjfl»'' 


A  racp:  for  empire 


A  M » 


% 


Other    True   Talcs  ot   the   Northwest. 


-^  vig^^ 


PUBLISHED      BY 
THE     MO  H  NINO     SPOKESMAN-REVIEW, 
SPOKANE,     WASH. 
18t)(i. 


in^ 


'■ 


COPYRIGHT,    1806, 
llV  T|{E 
REVIEW     PUBLISHING    COMPANY, 
SPOKANE,    WASH. 


RAN-n,   McXaLI.V  &  Co  ,  ruiNTKR:-  ANO  EXCRAVERS,  CTIICAHO. 


'A   CX)l'RIHR   Ol^   THE   WKST." 


WluTo  tin-  itifitintninA  tnrn  tnthi*  ^Iuwint{  wt-ni. 

Ami      hliilu-     In    till'     hllllHi't     »VH. 

(inil  |)1anti-il  a  K'^ril^'n  <•!'  lovi'lincHH, 
A  Kiirili'ii  iif  ili'siiny  " 


'I'^N'lCk  was  Wiildill;;'  jiitit- 
lU'V  !il<c  uiUu  that  nl' 
Maixiis  Whilniaii  and 
Henry  Spaldinj,^  and  Ihcii- 
briik's.  Ill  suhlinic  inspira- 
tiiin,  liLTdic  cxci-'Utiiiii,  and 
mmaiUic  inciilenl,  Aiiuri- 
can  liistory  has  iKitliiii.i^ 
more  beautiful  nr  impres- 
sive. On  tile  4lh  clay  of 
July,  iS  ;d,  these  iiiissiiniar- 
ies  (if  the  iXnieriean  I'mard 

and    their    youn^j    brides 

halted   iiixm  the  siininiil 

of  the  Rocky  Mcjiintains, 

and    tliere,    ainoiij,'-     the 

snowy     watchtowers     of 

the    world,    with     the 

waters  flowinj,''  upon  one 

hand  to  the  Mexie  (Wilf, 

and   upon    the    other   to 

the    Paeific,    they    raised 

the  stars  and  stripes,  and 

yave   thanks  to  (lod    for 

their  preservation  in  the 

wilderness,  anionjr  savaj^^e 

tribes     and     half-savaj^e 

white  men. 

Six    years    later,    Fre- 
mont    passed    over    this 

same  South  Pass  of   the 

Rocky    Mountains,     and 

men    ehcered    his   name 

and  called  him  Path- 
finder. Pathfinder,  for- 
sooth !       F  i  n  d  i  n  jr     the 

paths      which      women's 

feet  had   trod  ! 

These    were    the    first 

white    women     to    cross 

the      Rocky     Mountains 

and   follow   the   western    waters    to    the    sea. 
Waailaitpu  the    red  men  called   their  mi.ssion 

home,  and  Walla  Walla  the  waters  by  which  they 

pitched  their  tents  in  the  fair,  wild  vale  into  which 

their  Indian  jjuidcs  had   broujiht  them.      Walla 

Walla  —  v-hcre    the    waters    meet  —  the    Indians 


called  it  then,  and  AValla  Walla  it  will  remain  for- 
ever, biiause  tile  pioueirs  loved  the  name  ami 
handed  it  down  to  their  children. 

It  was  n  veritable  no  man's  land,  elainud  alike 
by  I".iij;laii<l  ami  America,  and  held  b_\-  both  under 
a  truce  of  joint  occupation,  luijjland  asserted  title 
south  to  the  forty-sixth  parallel,  a  claim  which,  if 
sustained,  would  have  j^iven  that  country  all  of  the 
jircseut  State  of  Washin^rton  and  the  j^^reater  part 
of  the  State  of  ()re),n)n.  In  a  feeble  way  the 
United  States  claimed  title  north  to  the  line  of 
lifty-four  forty,  but  our  statesmen  were  apathetic, 
and  some  of  them  were  clamoring;  for  abandon- 
ment of  everythiu);'  west  of  the  Rocky  Moun- 
t.iins. 

Thus  drifted  atVairs  until  the  summer  of  1X4.'. 
Lord  Ashburton  for  Kn;;- 
land,  and  I)aniel  Wcbstir 
for  the  United  States, 
then  nejfcjtiated  a  treaty 
defininjj  the  l)ouiular\' 
line  between  the  United 
.States  and  Canada.  They 
a},>-reed  on  the  forty-ninth 
parallel  as  far  west  as  the 
Lake  of  the  Woods; 
beyond  that  the  treaty  of 
joint  occi'.pation  was  con- 
tinued. Enj^land  was 
bidinji'  her  time.  .She 
had  her  j^reedy  fur  hunt- 
ers in  the  "  Orej^on  Coun- 
try," and  they  were 
coaxinj;'  in  settlers  from 
the  Red  River  Valley 
of  Canada.  The  United 
States  had  a  little  mis- 
sion band,  but  what  were 
these,  thought  Enjjland. 
L^pon  a  memorable 
October  day  in  1842,  Doc- 
tor Whitman  was  called 
away  from  the  mission  t(j 
one  of  the  Hudson  Bay 
posts,  to  set  a  broken 
liiiib.  There  was  a  j^oodly  company  at  dinner, 
and  while  they  were  at  their  toasts,  a  courier  came 
in  from  the  north  with  the  news  that  a  larj^e  coni- 
])any  of  British  settlers  were  arrived  in  the  Colville 
Valley.  "  Hurrah  I"  exclaimed  a  young  officer  ; 
"  the  countrv  is  ours,  the  Yankees  are  too  late." 


:m 


INDIAN    Tl  rn    , 

Xiit  ;i  wurd  said  Marcus  Wliifiaii.  He  called 
for  !ns  liorse  and  rode  inii)etii(iusiy  to  his  inissiim 
htiiiie.  Wlieii  he  drew  rein  at  Waaiiait])ii,  his 
steed  was  l'i)ani-llecked, 
and  he  was  hatless.  Ilis 
wife  and  associates  had 
seen  him  cninini;  from 
the  south,  and  liad  ^due 
out  to  meet  him  and 
learn  tiie  occasion  of  his 
excitement.  In  hurried 
words  he  informed  them 
of  the  danjjer  of  British 
occui)ation,  and  declared 
his  ])uri)ose  of  ridini^'  to 
the  nation's  capital  and 
warninj;-  the  administra- 
tion of  the  dan;4er.  I'leatl- 
in^s  and  ])rotests  were  of  no  avail.  -\  conference 
of  the  mission  baud  was  held.  "  1  want  your  con- 
sent," said  Marcus  Whitman,  "hut  I  am  j^cjin;;- 
whetiier  you  jjive  it  or  not." 

With  Amos  Lovcjoy  for  companion,  the  hero  of 
the  West  j;allo|)ed  away  on  a  ride  that  was  des- 
tined to  become  memorable  in  the  annals  of  the 
heroic.  Washinj.;ton  City  4,000  miles  away,  and 
winter  cominj^  on  I  At  the  crossing;;  of  the  Cirande, 
his  ji^uide  refused  to  ijhinjrc  into  the  half-frozen 
torrent.  Whitman  led  the  way,  broke  the  ice, 
swam  the  icy  current  in  midstream,  and  breakin;f 
the  ice  upon  the  other  shore,  reached  solid  land 
aj^'^ain.  Awed  by  tiiis  feat  of  darinJ,^  the  ^uide 
followed  the  preacher. 

Floundcrinjr  throuj^h  deep  snowdrifts,  fordinj,^ 
half-frozen  rivers,  facinjf  the  blizzard  of  the  j^reat 
plains  and  the  intense  cold  of  tin;  mountain 
passes,  subsistinijf  on  do^  and  mule  meat,  always 
undeterred  by  dani,a'rs,  always  turninj;-  a  deaf  ear 


not    bo 


NDIAN    SWtAT    BiTH 


to  a|)peals  to  pause  at  liie  fiw  loni'ly 
forts  en  route,  Whilnian  imle  on  to 
save  ()reK<>n  anil  be(|Ueath  an  I'Uipire 
to  the  t]nn  he  loved. 

l"i\'e  months  from  the  day  he  ;;al- 
loped  out  of  the  mission  station  in  the 
far-disiant  <  )re).;on  country.  Whitman 
walked  ilown  tne  streets  of  Wa.siiinj.j- 
ton,  clad  in  ttirs,  a  tijjure  eonimaiulinj.j 
the  respectful  atti'Ution  of  diplomats 
an<l  Senators.  Ili'  ari.;ucd  with  Web- 
ster; he  pleaded  with  President  Tyler, 
lie  jjrew  ehxpient  in  jiicturin^^  the 
beauty  and  richness  of  the  land  that 
was  trembling;-  in  the  scales. 

"The  couiitr\'  can  never  be  saved," 
said  Oa'iiel  Webster,  "because  it  can 
occupied  by  American  settlers.  ( )ur 
l)ionecrs  will  not  ^o  i^i  numbers  where  they 
can    not   take    their    wajj'ons." 

"  They  can  take  their 
uaj^ons  'o  ()re],fon,"  re- 
|ilicd  the  heroic  rider 
from  the  West.  "  1  know 
it,  because  I  have  taken 
wheels  into  that  country 
myself." 

"  Mr.  Whitman,  "  said 
the  I'resiilent,  "  we  will 
,L;ivt'  you  this  i)romise: 
The  (iovernment  will 
not  surrender  ()rej,fon 
until  you  ha\e  had  an 
op  po  r  t  u  n  i  t  y  to  prove 
whether  settLrs  can  ;;() 
there   with    tlieir    waj^ons." 

Whitman    had    foreseen  the    needful.       Under 
annoyin;,'  ])rotests  from  the  j;uides,  he  had,  in  i.Sjfj, 


INDIANS    AT    HOME 


ii  till'  liw  liiiu'ly 
111. Ill  fiidc  111)  to 
liicatli   an  rini)ire 

till.'  'lav  lie  nal- 
iiiii  statimi  in  the 
)nnlry,  Wliitniaii 
c'l'ts  (if  Wasliiiiff- 
;mc  tipinniaiulin^f 
imi  111'  (lipliiinats 
411C1I  with  Wcl)- 
I'residont  Tyler. 
Ill  pietiirinj,'  the 
nt  the  land  that 
seales. 

never  lie  saved." 

'•  lieeausc   it   eau 

111     settlers.        Our 

ihers    where    they 

L-y  ean  take  their 
*  fi)  ()rej;<Mi,"  re- 
the  hen  lie  rid<T 
he  Wist.  "  I  kiiDW 
aise  1  have  taken 
into  that  ennnlry 

Whitman,"  said 
•esident,  "we  will 
^■(iii  this  iirnniise: 
(icivernnieiu  will 
airreiidei"  ()rej.j<)n 
yon  have  had  an 
rt  unity  to  prove 
er   settlors   ean    ^o 

needful.       L'nder 
dcs,  he  had,  in  i.Sj6, 


taken  wheels  aeross  the  eoiiiiiKiit  and  into  the 
jrreat  valley  of  the  Cohinihia.  lit.-  kne\*';  they 
did  not.  As  lie  rude  through  the  borderland  on 
his  way  to  Washinj^tou,  he  had  ))assed  the  word 
aloii;;;  "Meet  1110  on  the  bonier  in  June,  and  I 
will  jiuide  yoii  to  ()rej;c'  " 

IJaek  to  the  West  rode  the  intrepid  missionary. 
At  Independenei',  Mo.,  1,000  immij^rants  with  500 
rilles  were  waitinj;-  for  ttu'ir  nuide,  lie  fiiltilled 
liis  promise,  lie  piloted  them  aeross  the  loneh' 
ileserts  and  the  wild  inountains.  lie  found  the 
fords;  he  eiired  the  siik;  he  led 
the  lon^  train  to  j,nvi'n  j.;rass 
and  fresh  wati'r.  He  took  tlieiu 
to  ()i  V  u  with  their  wa.i;oiis 
and  their  rilles,  and  the  wcni 
went  baek,  and  tlious;mtls  to<ik 
eoiiraj.fo  and  followeil,  an 
( )reL;dn    was   saved  —  saved  b\ 


W.ives  the  red  stalldanl  of  llritaiu,  ai  e  the  wiUI 
and  majestic  Selkirks,  and  far  to  the  Hoiitli  lie  the 
folds  of  the  soft  and  entrain  in;,'  Mine  Mountains, 
as  ).;raeeful  in  tlu'ir  Titaiiie  drapery  as  the  shining; 
folds  of  a  silken  j^ariiunt.  l'i\e  Inindriil  mili's, ;»« 
the  ea;,;le  llir>,  is  the  diameter  of  this  noble  basin. 
Ami  everywhere  run  crystal  streams  to  the  west; 
and  evi!  ywlure  is  heard  the  soothinjf  voiee  of  the 
wi'st  wind  anion;;  the  evergreens,  or  the  softer 
rust  V  if  tlie  buneh  jjrass  of  the  prairies,  The  for- 
ests   1    aeli  out  their  loiij.;  arms  and  einbraie  the 

prairies,  and  the 
pi'airies  throw 
lie.nitifiil  ^^ladcs 
amiiuj;  the  |iiiie 
iri'i's  and  the 
I  ed.ii's. 

le    majeslio 

riv  els    '  the  t'o- 

uinbia,      whieh 

Mryaiit     k  11  e  w 

as    the    <  l|e;;cin, 

when  it  "  knew 
no    '■iiiu.d    ^,l\e 


Marcus  Whitman.  I'our 
years  later  the  path- 
linder  and  the  i)atriot 
beeanii;  the  martyr  of 
the  cross.  Himself  and 
t"aithful  wife,  two  adopted 
children,  and  ten  otliers  wei'i 
slain  by  Cayuse  Indians.  Near 
the  fair  city  of  Walla  Walla,  by 
the  site  of  the  old  mi.ssion  lioiiic.  views  near  spok 
is  a  j,rreat  .i;rave,  and  therein  lies  forever 
the  honori.'d  dust  of  the  patriot  and  the  martyr. 
And  it  was  a  fair  land  and  pleasing-  —  a  land  of 
sunny  slo))cs  and  billowy  prairies,  of  tleei>  and 
solemn  forest,  and  snowj"  mountain  summit. 
When  the  world  was  youii^^,  the  Creator  lifted  up 
f<iur  vast  chains  of  mountains,  and  it  w;'.s  in  the 
hollow  betveeii  them  that  he  led  his  servant  and 
made  of  him  the  instrument  of  a  nol)le  destiny. 
The  (Ireat  Stony  Mountains  form  the  eastern 
wall;  the  Cascades,  or  the  Presidential  Kan^e.  are 
upon    the    west.     Far   to    the    north,   where  ii<iw 


its  own  ilashir.  's  "  ;  the  silvery  Snaki,  tiio 
Clearwater,  the  Peiul  d'Oreille,  the  Kootenai, 

iiid  the  crystal  S])okaiie,fallinjf  in  ripjile,  ar.d 
cascade,  and  cataract  adown  a  vale  of  surpass- 
\\tii  beauty  —  j^atlier  the  water  tribute  <if  this  fair 
domain  and  bear  it  to  the  sea. 

And  from  the  ^reat  sea  ccnne  the  lordly  salmon, 
leajMnj;'  in  the  rainbow  of  the  falls;  and  the  lusty 
trout  darts  throuj^h  ])ools  of  crystal  clearness,  or 
springs  into  the  sumnier  air  to  jirey  ii])on  tliC 
win,i;ed  insects  that  flutter  their  briel  life  above 
the  water. 

If  one  could  have  the  ea,i;le's  vision  and  stand 
ti])on  the  summit  of  some  lofty  ])eak  in  the  liittcr 
Root  s])ur  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  his  eye  would 
be  charmed  with  a  view  of    humlreds  of    t'orest- 


f 


:l 


|i 


THE   GENTLE   PALOUSE. 


frinjrwl  lakes  and  ininintain  tarns  —  some  of  these 
of   great  extent,  and  all  of   depth  and  elearness; 


he  would  see  the  white  man's  steamboat  and  the 
Indian's  canoe  rocked  by  the  same  wave;  and  if 


ONE  OF  SPOKANE  S  Biu  blOHtb 


steamboat  and  the 
same  wave;  and  if 


CCEUR  D'ALENE   park,    SPOKANE. 


the  time  were  summer,  ne  would  see  thousands  of 
merry  campers  by  the  shore.  For  this  is  a  land 
where  people  take  their  outinjj  as  they  take  on 
lijjhter  raiment  in  the  summer,  as  matter  of 
course.  Everybody  goes  campinj;^,  and  even  the 
ladies  fillip  the  rod  and  poise  the  rifle. 

These,  however,  are  the  more  sentimental  and 


recreative  phases  of  this  land  that  Whitman 
.saved.  It  i.s,  moreover,  a  land  of  marvelous  nat- 
ural wealth  and  resource,  where  plenty  is  the  rule 
and  failure  the  exception.  If  you  would  learn 
what  your  countrymen  and  cousins  have  done  in 
this  land  which  Whitman  saved  to  the  stars  and 
stripes,  read  on. 


♦'LAND   OF   THE   SUNSET   SHORP:S." 

CHACO,    ^lAXITCII,    KUMTUX  — COME,    SEE,    KNOW. 


r 


iHE  sjiirit  (if  unrest  which  now 
prevails  in  the  States  east  of  the 
Mississippi  seems  to  have  contrib- 
uted to  a  widespread  desire  for  a 
ehanjjfe  of  base,  and  as  the  star  of 
empire  courses  its  way  westward, 
all  eyes  are  turned  toward  the  Paci- 
fic for  some  sijjfn  of  encourayemeut, 
and  all  ears  listen  for  tidinj^'s  of  the 
new  land  of  the  sunset  shores.  The 
;  access  of  a  majority  of  homeseek- 
ers  in  this  portion  of  the  Northwest 
has  inspired  multitudes  to  follow, 
r.nd  to  try  anew  their  fortunes  where 
success  has  come  to  so  many  so  quicklj-.  It  has 
.ecently  dawned  upon  the  Eastern  mind  that  the 
amount  of  ^ood  ajjricultural  lands,  in  jiroportion 
to  the  entire  area  of  this  rey^ion,  is  much  j,'-reater 


Igfr^'^^^pr 

W^-'  ^ ' 

'\ 

r 

i 

■     Sm 

z'  -'^i^^^^^^^H 

r.    ^i 

-  -  '~::a\- ■4tmf 

■■..,/ Ma  y\ 

/  • 

^■"'■^ 

Wa-ha  falls,  near  lewiston. 


than  has  been  properl)'  shown,  or  even  supposed. 
As  matter  of  fact,  the  proportion  is  about  as  jifreat 
as  in  New  York,  Pennsylvania,  or  Virginia.     All 


kinds  and  branches  of  farminjif  known  to  northern 
latitudes  are  carried  on  more  successfully  in 
Washington   and    Idaho  than   in  the  Eastern   or 


f    iL 

P'^^ffi^ 

nsomefi 

11  ^#1       i« 

'   :  -   ■" 

SALMON   FROM  THE   SPOKANE  RIVER,  FIVE  MILES  BELOW   SPOKANE 

Middle  States.     A  failure  of  crops  is  unknown  in 
tile  historv  of  this  countrv. 


[■.        ■iifr^'V"*   '    .■•^"      t"-  <^, 

*"<..,-   1 

M  /^M 

^3 

%'M'^W'^--4 

^S 

W^^^^^CMi 

fi3l*»e'  4\  ':#IaJ 

SPORT   ON  LOON  LAKE. 

In  the  selection  of  a  permanent  location,  climate 
is  a  matter  of  th'j  first  consideration.  The  climate 
of  Eastern  Washington  and  Idaho,  owing  to  the 


10 


5. 


nown  to  northern 
successfully  in 
1  the  Eastern   or 


e(Hial)ility  of  its  temperature,  is  very  fine.  The 
atmos])liere  is  dry  and  exhilaratinj,^.  The  averaj^^e 
elevation  above  the  sea  level  is  about  2,200  feet. 
The  prevailinjj  breezes  are  from  the  southwest 
and  come  from  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Sudden  chanjifes 
from  one  e.xtre.ne  to  another  do  not  occur  in  this 
climate.  There  are  no  destructive  wind  storms 
or  electrical  disturbances;  indeed,  tluinder  and 
lij^htninj;- are  very  rare.  Bliz/.ards  are  unknown. 
.Sunstrokes  never  occur,  because  of  the  drvness  of 
the  atmosphere  and  the  activity  of  the  air  currents. 
The  accompanyinjif  official  table  is  submitted  in 
])roof  of  what  has  been  here  stated. 

"  .\noVK   riiK  (;R(U\|),  iunka  i  11   1  111.  HKoIND, 

K.\(  II  pRoini  r  sKi'.Ms  riir.  iiKsr." 
Nature   has   bestowed    upon    this    rej,don    her 
favors  with  a  lavish  hand.     The  native  resources 


.Ml  iiiiuii|(k;ii  Ai.  Data  or  Spukank,  Wash.,  for  Tkn  Vkars 
—  Im  1 1  ipiN(i  iss()-<)5. 


1^ 
49 

3^i 

111 

3|| 

15  8f> 

104 

NuinbcT  of 

l)ayH. 

'.J 
75 

Wind. 

Vk.vk. 

C.t: 
S-W 

l8S() 

l-(> 

114 

42 

1SS7.... 

47 

20.10 

126 

lOS 

15.' 

107 

S-\V 

.1" 

l.tSS.... 

4'l 

i7-f>'i 

106 

.,8 

Ill 

"57 

.S-\V 

y 

iSSy... 

4') 

14.27 

'17 

74 

132 

"49 

S-\V 

y 

lS(;o 

47 

l''-57 

i"7 

,,,•< 

1211 

147 

S-W 

4« 

1S91 

49 

1  ().()<) 

123 

S'* 

122 

|I>| 

S-W 

48 

lS.,2.... 

48 

1(1. 7S 

"19 

104 

124 

138 

s 

3'' 

1  Sij3 

4(. 

22.00 

144 

78 

lo^ 

1S2 

s 

3" 

'S<M---- 

4,S 

17.84 

137 

62 

I  18 

i«S 

S-W 

39 

iS<)5.--- 

4S_ 
4" 

I3.4f. 

17.13 

'  '7 

81 
9f> 

126 
123 

158 

S-W 

42 

.AviTiljre 

146 

S-W 

42 

XoiK.  Owii;^  to  ilie  l.iw  rflati\'f  humidity  prt'vailin>^  during  Uh' 
afternoons  of  tlit-  warint-r  pans  of  tin*  year,' prostration  from  heat 
(Sunstroke)  is  unknown  in  Sjjokane  CMiaklks  Sikwakt, 

January  lo,  i8(/).  Otisi'ivcr  L'niteJ S/iilis  H'eatlur  Hiireaa. 


AKE. 

mt  location,  climate 
ation.  The  climiite 
daho,  owing  to  the 


I. -Low  Water  on  Iho  Pond  d'Oioille. 


IDAHO  WATERS. 
-Fort  Sherman,  on  Lakt  Cosur  d'Alene, 


3.    -Bon  Canynn,  on  the   Pend  d'Oreillo. 


4.— CoBur  d'Alene  City. 


n 


5.— Albany  Fatli,  on  the  Pend  d'Ofe'  te, 


r 


ii 


SPOKANE'S  NEW  WATERWORK'5,   COMPLETED   IN    1:^96  AT  A  COST  OF  $400,000. 


Bun. dim;  Si'ont.,  such  as  white  and  vari-coh)rcd 
marbles,  "<lato,  j,n-anitc,  sandstone,  and  limestone, 
is  inexhaustible  in  quantity,  and  is  of  easy  access 

Wii.i)  Fruh's  are  natural  resources  of  the  coun- 
try.    There  are  strawberries,  raspberries,  huckle- 


berries, cranberries,  serviccbcrries,  Oregon  grapes, 
wild  cherries  (two  kinds),  and  thimbleberries. 

Gr.\ssi  s  for  grazing  and  hay  are  abundant. 
Bunch  grass,  redtop,  and  valley  grass  flourish  on 
the  ])rairie!.,  valleys,  and  foothills  of  the  mountains. 


'i     lib  III!  y 


■     L'L' 

n  U: 

LL     LL    ,     II     LI    L       ^' 


Lf  LL 


T3f   *■•*      ^     ■ 


..--*^' 


!L   LL    L'-   -   L    L 
LL   LL    La   L    t        _ 
'^i   H    IJ:  L    I    L 


^^"^^ 


MfcDICAL  LAKE  AbVLUM. 
12 


WHERE  EORIUNES  ARE  MADE   IN  A  DAY." 


rries,  Orejjon  j^rapes, 
thimbleberric.-;. 
hay   arc   ainindant. 
ev  j^rass  flourish  on 
ills  of  the  mountains. 


WM 

1 

w^ 

IP 

,;  L    L   L 

,  L   L   b 

'  L   I   L 

t 

■     .'« 

ii          ii-^  " 

a' 

\\\i  niinin^r  industry  stauils 
as  one  of  the  most  ini])or- 
tant  factors  in  the  oiiura- 
tive  life  of  this  country.  The 
results  so  far  have  been  most 
_t;ratifyin,s.;-.  ;uk1  there  is  no 
abatement  in  the  fascin.ition 
which  leads  the  pros]iector 
and  operator  to  further  en- 
deavor in  the  search  of  the 
precious  minerals. 
TiiK  Co  tu  d'Ai.im.  Coin  I  kv, 
l)'in}i'  eiyhty-livc  miles  east  of 
vSpokane,  has  become  faiuous  as  a 
mineral  region.  It  lies 
amid  the  hij^h  rujij^ed 
mountains  of  Northern 
Idaho,  and  is  reached 
by  the  Orej^on  Rail- 
way &  Navigation  and 
the  Northern  Pacific 
Railway.  The  old  Mul- 
lan  road,  the  military 
hijjhway  runniny  from 
Fort  Benton,  at  the 
head  of  navigation  on 
the  Missouri  Ri.  er,  to 
Fort  Walla  V/alla  in 
AVa.shinj^ton,  traverses 
nearly  the  lenj^'t!  of 
the  C(eur  d'Alene  re- 
jfion.  The  fame  (jf 
tlie  C(tur  d'Alenes  is 
mainly  due  to  their 
great  silver-lead  pro- 
ducing mines.  These 
are  mainly  located  on 
the  south  fork  of  the 
C(x;ur  d'Alene  River. 
The  jirineipal  mines 
in  this  country  are 
the  Standard,  Bunker 
Hill  &  Sullivan,  Last 
Chance,  Tiger,  Poor- 
man,  Had'^er,  Gem,  Cus- 
ter, Black  Bear,  Morning.  Hunter,  Granite,  .Sierra 
Nevada,  and  Stemwinder.  The  daily  output  of 
these  mines  is  about  300  tons  in  concentrates,  an 
average  yield  of  thirty  ounces  in  silver  and  60  per 
cent  of  lead  to  the  ton.  When  in  full  operation, 
they    afford     employment     to    over    3,000    men. 


WA-HA    CREEK,   NEAR    LEWISTON. 


Additional  facilities  for  concentrating  the  ores 
ha\e  been  added,  and  the  output  will  hereafter 
be  almost  doubled. 

\Vanlner  is  headquarters  for  the  liiuiker  Hill  \- 
Sullivan,  Last  Chance,  Tyler,  and  Sierra  Nevada. 
Wallace  is  the  largest  tov>  n  i'l  this  region,  and 
is  the  commercial  center.  Not  far  from  Wallace, 
on  Nine  Mile  Canyon,  is  a  groU]>  of  line  claims  in 
process  of  development,  and  which  are  known  as 
the  lilack  Cloud,  Califi>rnia,  and  Panhandle. 

Burke  is  another  center  of  a  large  mineralized 
area.  This  is  the  home  of  the  Tiger  and  Poor- 
man  mines,  two  heavy  ])roducers.  The  aggregate 
output  of   these   mines   is   about   eighty   tons    of 

c(jncenlrates  jjcr  da\', 
averaging  thirty-nine 
ounces  in  silver  and  30 
l)er  cent  lead. 

Osborne  is  also  a  cen- 
ter of  a  rich  mining 
(iistrict,  in  which  are 
St.  lolmo,  .Mineral  Point, 
and  Killbur)  nines,  all 
of  which  adjoin  on  the 
.same  ledge.  The  Nel- 
lie, War  Eagle,  Daisy, 
Cam]),  and  Knicker- 
bocker are  in  this  dis- 
trict. 

Gem  is  on  Canyon 
Creek,  and  is  one  of  the 
most  imi)<>rtant  camps 
in  this  region.  It  is  h)- 
eated  but  a  few  miles 
from  Wallace.  It  is 
headtpiarters  for  the 
■Standard,  (iem,  San 
I'raneisco,  Granite,  and 
the  Formosa  grouj). 
The  ore  from  these 
averages  thirty  ounces 
of  silver  and  50  per 
cent  lead. 

Mullan  is  the  locality 
of  what  is  known  as  the 
Chloride  group  of  mines.  This  grouj)  consists 
of  the  Morning,  Evening,  Night,  Grouse,  You- 
Like,  Independence,  Lucretia,  and  Gettysburg, 
besides  a  number  of  other  valuable  jjrojjerties. 
The  Little  Giant  grou])  is  on  Silver  Creek,  the 
central  group  on  Boulder  Gulch.     The  Paymaster, 


13 


ii 


ill 


WASHINGTON    AND    IDAHO    MINING    SCENES. 

J.    Air  Dtill,  Old   Domininn   Mtne,  Colvilln.  2.    The   Mining  Town  of  Murray.  Idaho.  3.    An  Ore  Conct'nlratof,  4.    Hydraulic   Minmij 

5.    The   Tiijer  Mmp.  C     O-e   Houses  and   Tramways.  7     A  Washington   Silver  Mine.  8.    A  Coeur  d'Alene   Mining  Camp, 

'4 


y 


■Sfc.^' 


»'^^^*^l:«-*t'*s=S*V 


f5SV^5«^LJli!?. 


lajBRfeitu. 


WM;^ 


Hydrnulic   Mining  in   Idaho, 
ene  Mining  Camp. 


Jersey,  Little  Chirp,  and  Hiillion  are  mi  Ilimtcr'.s 
Gorjje. 


IIIK    <;()I,I)  llKl.T. 


The  yold  belt  of  the  Coeur  d'Alcnc  cduntry  is 
located  alonjj  the  north  fork  of  tlie  Co-ur  d'Alene 


jretic  veterans  and  "  tenderfoot "  scmirinj;  tho 
hills  and  hollows  in  seanh  of  the  preeious  min- 
erals. 

Si  r.vKxs  Coin  1  V,  Wasm. —  In    Stevens   County, 
Wash.,  are  a  number  of  silver  mines  of  consiiler- 


♦  / 


f'M 


River  and  its  tributaries,  Prich- 
ard,  Eajrle,  and  Beaver  creeks, 
and  in  the  country  extendinjc 
eastward  to  the  Bitter  Root 
ilountains.  Extensive  placer 
deposits  have  been  found  alony 
these  streams,  and  it  is  esti- 
mated that  these  placers  have 
yielded  about  $2,500,000  in 
jj^old  since  1883.  Several  com- 
panies are  operating  these 
placer  fields,  near  Murray,  by 
hydraulic  methods.  Many  fine 
quartz  ledjjes  have  been  found, 
and  some  extensively  worked. 
The  best  known  of  these  mines 


.:;^^: 


?r-^- 


'=?^-->l.H'J 


alile  note.  The  Old  Dominion 
Mine,  six  miles  east  of  Col- 
ville,  is  a  well-known  producer. 
It  is  well-e(|ui])ped  with  all  of 
tlie  best  mininjif  machinery  in 
use,  and  has  about  6,000  feet 
of  development;  work,  consist- 
ins,''  of  tunnels,  shafts,  and 
cross-cuts.  A  larjife  force  of 
men  are  emploj-ed,  and  it  is 
rci^arded  as  one  of  tlie  finest 
mines  in  the  Northwest. 

The  Cleveland  Mine  is  lo- 
cated at  the  southern  extremity 
I  if  the  Huckleberry  Ran.ne, 
near  the  Columbia  River. 


">.-, 


\   '^A 


^^ 


m^ 


iSP* 


-piWrn /.tiH 


^," 


/f^:.i' 


-*> 


|::  U 


MINES    AND    MINING    TOWr;S   ON    THE    CANADIAN    BORDER. 


I.    Pilot  Bay   Smellei 


2.    Nor'hport,  Wash. 
4.    Group   "if  Miners,  Rossland,   B.  C. 


3.    Car   of  O  .'   at   Mitu'.h   of  Tu 
5,    Town  of  Rossland    B    C. 


are  the  Mother  Lode,  the  Ciolden  Chest,  (iolden 
Kin),r,  Fay  Templeton,  Idaho,  Treasure  Box,  the 
Occident,  and  the  Buckeye  jjroup. 

Prospecting;  for  minerals  jjoes  f)n  as  vijjforously 
as  ever,  and  each  summer  finds  hundreils  of  ener- 


Sprin}.jdale,  on  the  Spokane  &  Northern  Rail- 
way, is  the  shi])pin_n-  point  fur  the  Cleveland  and 
Deer-Trail  mines.  These  mines  bear  a  rich 
de])osit  of  silver-lead  ore  in  a  well-delhied  c. intact 
of  lime  and  yranite.     The  ore  runs  about  thirty 


IS 


r 


I; 


N 


ounces  of  silver  and  40  per  cent  lead  to  the  ton, 
tliou^di  the  Deer-Trail  is  shi])i)in^r  ore  much  richer 
than  this  averajre.  Ten  miles  northeast  of  Mar- 
cus are  a  number  of  lo\v-;;ra(le  properties,  which 
are,  however,  bij^  in  the  yield  of  concentrates,  and 
are  easily  mined.  In  the  Northjiort  district  are 
the  Silver  Crown,  North  Star,  and  a  number  of 
other  promisinj,'  projierties  rich  in  silver.  In  the 
Cluj,'ston  district  are  the  Tenderfoot,  the  Dead 
Medicine,  and  two  tine  iron  mines.  The  latter  are 
shippinjc  to  smelters  for  fluxiuj^'-  pur])oscs.  At 
Chcwelah  are  the  Ea^de  and  Jay  (lould,  now  in 
process  of  ilevelopmcnt.  i\t  Valley  are  two  j^ood 
producing  iron  mines  and  a  number  of  marble 
(piarrics.  In  the  Mctaline  district  in  the  north- 
eastern part  of  the  county  arc  a  number  of  mines, 
but  as  yet  they  are  so  difficult  of  access  that  it  is 
impossible  to  ship  out  the  product  in  anyway 
excc])tinj^  iipon  pack-horses. 

North  of  Spokane,  on  the  Spokane  &  Northern 
Railroad  line  and  its  connections,  lie  some  of  the 
richest  mineral  belts  ever  discovered.  The  near- 
est of  these  to  Spokane  is  the  Trail  Creek  district. 


silver-lead  ])roducinj(  mines  in  the  world;  the  Noble 
Five,  and  a  host  of  others — all  fine  properties,  which 
lack  of  space  forbids  describinjj  here. 

Kaslo  is  the  supply  point  on  Lake  Kootenai  for 
the  Slocan  district,  and  the  end  of  the  Kaslo  Slo- 
can  Railway.  Ten  j^ood  jiroducin;^  mines  ship 
from  this  point.  The  ores  jrrade  hijjh,  and  the 
sup])ly  appears  inexhaustible.  Trail,  Nel.son,  Slo- 
can, Kaslo,  and  Lardeau  may  all  be  properly  class- 
ified as  within  the  west  Kootenai  district,  which 
contains  in  all  about  fifty  producinjj  mines,  with 
annual  a.i,'^''rej,''ate  yield,  so  far,  of  over  |!_^, 000,000. 

Ok ANooAN  DisikK  I. — This  well-known  district 
lies  northwest  of  Spokane  nearly  200  miles  —  or 
160  as  the  bird  flies  —  in  Okanoj^an  County,  and 
ciubraccs  nearly  3,000  scpiare  miles  of  territory 
rich  in  mineral  as  well  as  other  resources.  Cours- 
injif  throujrli  this  country  are  a  number  of  rivers, 
on  the  boundaries  of  which  are  numerous  mininj^ 
canijis.  These  are  the  Okanoj^a.,,  Similkameen, 
.Salmon,  Methow,  Entiat,  and  Loi,)  Loop  rivers. 
Placer-miniuif  ojierations  bej^an  on  the  Similka- 
meen more  than  thirty-five  years  aj^o.     A  great 


HOWARD   STREET,   SPOKANE.   LOOKING  NORTH  TOWARD  THE 
CITY   HALL 

wherein  are  located  the  Le  Roi,  War  Eagle,  Crown 
Point,  Columbia  and  Kootenai,  Center  Star,  Josie, 
Cliff,  Nickel  Plate,  O.  K.,  and  a  ^ost  of  others. 
These  are  mostly  gold-bearing  mines,  carrying  a 
large  percentage  of  copper.  The  average  value 
of  the  product  of  these  mines  is  $40  per  ton. 
Rossland,  a  thriving  town  of  2,500,  is  the  center  of 
these  operations  on  Red  Mountain,  on  the  course 
of  Trail  Creek.  A  smelter  has  been  erected  at 
Trail,  on  the  Columbia,  eight  miles  distant  from 
Ros.sland,  where  the  product  of  the  Trail  Creek 
mines  is  reduced  to  matte  for  .shipment  to  refin- 
eries. 

Si.(iCAN. — In  the  great  mineral  zone  lying  north 
of  Spokane  is  what  is  known  as  the  Slocan.  It  is 
situated  between  the  Kootenai  and  Slocan  lakes 
in  British  Columbia,  and  is  reached  by  the  Nelson 
&  Fort  Shepperd  Railway,  and  by  the  Kootenai 
River  from  Bonner's  Ferry  on  the  Great  Northern 
Railway  in  Idaho.  Among  the  mines  in  this 
diiitrict  are  the  Slocan  Star,  one  of  the  greatest 


RIVERSIDE   AVENUE,   SPOKANE.   LOOKING  WEST  TOWARD   SPOKES- 
MAN.REVIEW   BUILD  NG. 

deal  of  prospecting  and  considerable  development 
work  has  been  done  during  the  past  ten  years. 
The  number  of  locations  made  runs  into  the 
hundreds,  and  there  are  a  large  number  of 
well-developed  mines  of  unquestionable  richness. 
There  is  great  diversity  in  the  character  of  ores 
in  the  different  camps.  All,  excepting  the  gold 
quartz  mines,  run  high  in  silver.  Working  lists 
show  from  sixty  ounces  to  800  oimccs  in  silver  on 
the  Salmon  River  at  the  base  of  Ruby  Hill.  A 
number  of  fine  properties,  carrying  silver  and 
copper,  are  located  on  Mineral  Hill,  northwest  of 
Conconidly.  The  lime  belt  of  the  Loomiston  dis- 
trict has  a  number  of  wcll-devel  >ped  properties 
rich  in  gold  and  silver,  chiefly  owned  by  San 
Francisco  parties.  The  Palmer  Mountain  district 
has  become  widely  known  as  a  gold  region. 
Several  groups  of  claims  have  been  located 
and  worked  with  success.  These  are  mostly 
free-milling  ores,  and  a  number  run  high  in 
silver. 


16 


I  ■■ 


w^.'^-n 


world;  the  Noble 
jiropcrtics,  which 
[here. 

like  Kootenai  fur 

f  the  Kaslo  Slo- 

icinjC  mines   ship 

de  hijjh,  and  the 

Trail,  Nelson,  Slo- 

be  properly  elass- 

ai  district,  which 

icinjj  mines,  with 

)f  over  $5,000,000. 

ell-known  district 

ly  200  miles  —  or 

oiji'an  County,  and 

miles  of  territory 

resources.    Cours- 

number  of  rivers, 

numerous  mininy 

iiiii..  vSimilkameen, 

Lo.:()  Loop  rivers. 

m  on  the  vSimilka- 

ars  ajjo.     A  j^^reat 


WEST  TOWARD  SPOKES- 
NG. 

arable  development 
he  past  ten  years, 
ado   runs    into   the 

large  number  of 
estionable  richness. 
2  character  of  ores 
2xccptin}jf  the  gold 
rer.  Working  lists 
ounces  in  silver  on 

of  Ruby  Hill.  A 
arrying   silver  and 

Hill,  northwest  of 
the  Loomiston  dis- 
;vel  jped  properties 
fly  owned  by  San 
:r  Mountain  district 
IS  a  gold  region, 
lave  been  located 
These  are  mostly 
iber    run    high    in 


i^  ' 


THE  NATATORIUM    SPOKANE 


Tlic  (lid  phiccr  camps  of  Idaho,  lyinj,''  southeast 
of  Spokane,  that  produced  so  imich  yold  in  the 
early  "6o's"  are  takinjj  on  a  new  lease  of  life. 
Pierce  Citv,  Elk  Citv,  Florence,  and  Warrens  are 


all  comin^j  to  the  front  a.^ain,  and  the  outlook  for 
the  future  is  very  brij^dit.  I'icree  I'ity.  tlie  oldest 
of  the  canijis,  is  situated  on  Oro  I'ino  Creek, 
seventy  miles  from  the  railroad  at  Kendriek,  Idalio. 


PLiBLiC   INbTirUTlONb,    bPUKANE. 
1      County  Court  Houso,  completed  in  1895;  cost,  $350  000.  2.     City  Hall,  built  in  1894,  cost,  $;65. COO. 

i8 


3      SpoVana  Firo  Departrr 


f 


"WHERi:    Cr:RES    RKIC.NS. 
IN    SUNSKTS    GOLDEN     HOME 


;mil  tlu'  Diitlonk  I'lir 
.■n.c  I'ily,  Ihu  oldest 
u  Uro  Fine)  Creek, 
I  at  Kondric'k,  Idaho. 


I'l-.RnCNClO  lias  demonstrated 

the    fact   liere    tliat   diversified 

I'arniiii^  pays  the  best.  A  sinj;lo 

e-xeejition     iiii^^lit,    however,    be 

made  as  to  dairy  faniiiiij;'.   Cattle 

do  so  well  in  ICastern  Wasliin^;- 

ton  and  are  so 

entirely  free  from 


dairy  snpplies.  I'or  many  years,  like  all  luw 
eoiintries  north,  this  rei^ioii  was  almost  wholly 
j;ivi'n  11])  to  wheat  raisin^'.  ICastern  Washiiif^loii 
alone  }iililed  ij, 000,000  bushels  in  iS(;(.  The 
avera;,;e  yield  i)er  aere  for  the  jiast  ten  years 
shows    twenty    and    three-tenths    bushels.       This 


plaj^fucs  or  diseases  com- 
mon to  cattle  in  otlier 
])arts  of  the  country  that 
there  is  .1  common  say- 
in;^  amon^  breeders  and  dairy- 
men that  this  re^i<in  is  the  nat- 
ural home  of  cattle.  There  is 
no  place  in  the  Union  which 
otTers  better  inducements  to 
dairymen  than  Spokane  and 
Eastern  Washinfjton.  All  the 
jrreat  mininj^  camps  for  a  radius 
of  200  miles  around  Spokane 
(le]X'nd  ui)on  this  point  for  their 


3      Spnk.ino  Ftro  Depattm.-i,' 


DIGHTON    RANCH    ON    THE    ST     JOE    RIVER. 

averaj^e  includes  the  poorest  as  well  as  the  best 
farming.  Careful  farmers  j,ret  from  thirty  to  .sixty 
bushels  per  acre  each  consecutive  year.  Wheat 
can  be  j,n-own  here  for  17  cents  a  bushel.  Add  5 
cents  for  marketini;',  wliich  brinies  it  up  to  2.: 
cents  a  bushel.  Willi  a  fair  averaj^e  yield,  wheat 
at  50  cents  ])er  bushel  will  ^ive  a  net  jirolit  of  not 
less  than  $5.00  per  acre. 

Oats,  barley,  and  rye  do  correspondinj^ly  well. 
I'la.K  yields  an  avera;4e  of  eijjhteen  bushels  per 
acre,  and  the  market  price  during  the  past  ten 
years  has  n<it  been  less  than  $1.00  per  bushel. 
Root  crops  of  all  kinds  do  e.xcccdini^ly  well.  The 
averaj.je  j'icld  of  potatoes  has  been  i  jo  bushels  per 
acre.  This  is  hij;hcr  by  twenty-four  bushels  than 
the  averaj^e  of  any  other  State  in  the  Union. 
The  soil  of  Eastern  Washinj.jton  is  of  decomi)o.sed 
lava,  rich  with  potash,  ])hosphates,  and  silica. 
These,  with  the  vegetable  mold,  promote  the 
;.;rowth  of  all  cereals  to  a  jjreat  dej;ree.  The 
prairie;  are  rollini;-  and  fertile.  Tiie  hilltops  are 
;is  rich  in  soils  as  the  richest  loam  of  a  river  bot- 
tom. In  fact,  the  hi<;li,  njllin;.^  lands  raise  heavier 
strain  than  the  low,  level  lands.  The  latter  are 
better   adapted    to    timothy    and    other    grasses. 


BLACKBERRY    PATCH,    LEWISTON,    IDAHO 


I 


.i 


fi 


I 


!  I 


rpuii  tlif  Iciutliills  ;iiul  niniiti- 
lain  sides  atv  Hats  or  clfvatid 
ti  riilc  plateaus,  which  arc  (.nnr 
nil 'Illy  called  l)cm.hes.  These- 
lieiiehcs  are  often  covered  with 
shrubs  and  small  trees  of  deeid- 
lions  jffowth,  snch  as  viiii- 
niaiile,  mountain  ash,  alder, 
asjien,  ha/el,  and  berry  bnslies 
(if  luaiiv  kinds.  There  aie 
lliousands  iif  acres  of  these 
lands,  and  many  a  tine  farm 
can  be  seen  located  upon  them. 
They  are  less  liable  to  frosts 
than  other  lands,  and  they  make 
the  most  desirable  frnit-j;row- 
iii),'  lands  to  be  fonnd.  Tluy 
are  {jfenerally  well  watered  by 
sjirinji's  and  monntain  streams. 
The  soil  on  the  benches  is 
mostly  wash  and  ve>retable  loam. 


.car.'  //   FRO'-i   /'HEAT   v/i;-'  -   at 

PULLMAN.    WAbH, 

and    is  as  dark  as  the  loams  of    river-bottom    or 
swamp  lands. 

In  ICasicrn  Washin^ncni  and  Xortlicni  Idaho 
there  were  jirown  in  iSyj: 

<  If  wlaat,  in  biislicls i(),(»»i.(hhi 

( If  <ial-.  ■■         (i,ii(«),()(iii 

(If  liarli-y.  "  .i.oixj.ix*) 

Since  then  the  animal  yields  lia\e  been  as  j;real, 
Inil  the  jiroportion  of  the  wheat  acrcai^e  was  less 
and  th.it  of  oats,  barley,  rye,  and  ila.\  has  been 
j,'reater.  Comparative  tables  exiiibitiii.i;'  the  jj'rain 
yield  of  fourteen  of  the  j,'-reat  j;rain-,L;rowini;-  States 
show  that  the  yield  jicr  acre  in  Wash ini^ ton  is 
.i^realer  bv  considerable  than  lliat  of  any  other 
State  in  the  I'nioii. 

The  latest  biennial  reporl  oi  Uie  Slate  I'.oard  of 
A^rricultnre  and  Ilorticnllnre  skives  sample  yields 
per  acre  of  vegetables  in  Wash iiv.^ ton  as  follows: 


{ 
J 


N 


t 

i 


1 
\ 


'■-J 

I 


Artithokes 

r.caii>.  jjrctn  or  Miap 
I'.L-ans.  l.inia,  (hy. .. 
IVets 


.Jim  111      ',1111  )lUsllL'ls 
.     7;   In      l-'n         ■• 

_   7^  I 

.41,,,  to    71...      ■• 


("arriits - 41111  ti>    71  m 

I  inii)iis  . 3111.  to    >iin 

I '.. tall )<.•■>.._ iiKito    iiiiii 

•r.iiiiatuc's St"      rjtiiiis. 

'I'liiiiiiis      _.    fii«i  til  iiHHi  IhisIk'I>. 

Prominent  amon.tf  the  best  at,n-icultiiral  reijions 
in  the  Northwest  are  the  Palonse,  the  lii;,-^  Ikiid, 
the  Colville  Valley,  the  Walla  Walla,  the  Yakima, 
the  <  )kanoi.,r-an,  the  I'otlatch  of  Idaho,  and  the 
Umatilla  of  N'orlheasteni  Ore-'oii. 


J. 


> 


AUDITORIUM    THEATER.    SPOKAI^E 


20 


s 

1 

dl'    rivi-'r-t)i>tt(iiii 
id     XurlluTi)     l(h 

ho 

ll],l«KI,(K«l 

.  .  .  .    -  .  .  .      '*.'  «HI,(M  M  I 
3,tH)1),()<H  I 

■i  have  been  as  j^ri-'at, 
rat  aerc'aj,^L'  was  less 
,  and  flax  lias  hcLii 
cxhihitinK'  the  j^raiii 
rrain-i^ruwiii.n'  States 
L'  in  Washiiv^tcm  is 
I    that   (if    any   cither 

■  t  the  State  i'.nard  <i!' 
i^ives  sanipli'  yields 
luni^tnn  as  I'ullnws: 

(HI  til    iciiilmsliuls. 

7;  In      IJii 

11,,  li.    70.1 

,(  H  I   1 1  I       7'  1*  . 

Ill,   t.i       1 101 1 

S   to         I  J  tolls. 

100  to  loiio  Inislifl-i. 
;  aiiriciiltiiral  re;^i(ins 
Jdiise,  the    r>i;,^  P>eiul, 
a  WaUa.  tlie  Yakima, 
1    (if    Idahii,   and    tlie 


-^f-^-^-'j}^"^)^ 


I 


I 


"  <)\  im.  v()i,(  ANir  ASH," 

The  Paldusc  rc'i;imi,  whicli  li'jars  the  name  of  a 
oiKc  i)i)\vurful  Indian  tribe,  lies  nearly  in  the  form 
of  a  };reat  trianj,de  and  is  one  of  the  richest  deltas 
that  ever  yielded  its  products  to  the  hand  of  the 
husbandman.  The  lands  are  quite  rollinjj,  but 
capable  of  easy  tillar,rc,  and  are  highly  fertile,  beinj,^ 
composed  of  decomposed  volcanic  rock  and  vege- 
table loam.  The  hij,'-hest  elevations  arc  as  rich  as 
the  soil  in  tlic  hollcnvs  or  lower  levels,  and  thus 
far  the  soil  has  sliown  no  need  of  fertilization. 
Wheat  has  bf.'cn  the  leadiniif  staple  of  this  rc<rion 
for  many  years,  and  the  yield  has  been  quite  tmi- 
iovxu  ever  since  the  country  was  settled.     There 


sively  to  that  induslr}-.  There  remains  at  least 
J, 000,000  acres  of  j^-ood  arable  land  in  the  Paloiise 
for  disposal  to  settlers  at  low  prices  and  on  easj' 
terms  —  prices  ranging  from  $2.50  to  $6.00  per 
acre.  This  region  is  well  watered  by  streams, 
springs,  artesian  and  driven  wells.  Two  railroads, 
each  having  brandies,  traverse  the  country  and 
bring  all  within  convenient  touch  with  the  mar- 
kets, where  meats,  vegetables,  and  fruits  find 
ready  sale. 

"coi.umiiia's  cakhkn." 

The  total  area  of  the  Big  Bend  region,  which 
embraces  two  of  the  largest  counties  and  a  portion 
of   another   county,   is   4,000,000   acres,   of   which 


it 


1.   FirewooJ  .T   Plenty. 


2,  A  Good  Shot 


Big  game. 

3.  A  nonizcn  of  the  Bitter  Roots 
5.   WmttT  Spott  in   Spol<ane   County 


4.  Onu   Day's  Sport  on  trie  Lower   Pond  d  OreiHe, 


has  never  been  a  crop  failure.  The  wheat  prod- 
tict  has  ranged  fnjm  fifteen  to  sixty  bushels  per 
acre.  The  average  j-ield  per  acre  during  the  ])ast 
five  years,  as  shown  by  the  ofiicial  record,  was 
twenty-one  bushels.  The  largest  return  of  wheat 
alone  in  any  year  was  in  i.Sijj,  which  was  16,000,- 
coo  bushels.  Since  then  the  crojjs  have  been 
more  diversified.  Barley,  oats,  rye,  flax,  and  pota- 
toes now  receive  much  attention  and  turn  out 
])rodigiously.  The  country  is  well  ada])ted  to 
fruit,  and  manv  have  turned  their  attention  exchi- 


1,050,000  are  under  cultivation.  It  is  one  of  the 
most  desirable  regions  for  agriculture  in  tlie 
Northwest.  The  climatic  conditions  are  excep- 
tionally fine,  the  temperature  remarkably  even. 
The  soil  is  decomposed  basal',  with  vegetable 
mold,  and  the  yield  of  grain  has  been  almost  lui- 
varying  year  after  year.  I.'uring  the  longest  of  the 
dry  periods  there  has  nc,  er  been  a  crop  failure. 
All  manner  of  crops  are  successfully  raised,  and 
one  can  see  frequently,  besides  great  grain  fields, 
good-sized   jilots   of   potatoes,  onions,   field   peas, 


22 


1.1 


\ 


i 


liLTc  rcnuLins  at  least 
l)lc  land  in  the  Paloiisc 

)\v  prices  and  on  eas_\' 

ini  $^.50  to  $6.00  per 
>vatercd   by  streams, 

wells.  Two  railroads, 
verse  the  coinitry  and 
It  touch  with  the  mar- 
ribles,   and    fruits    find 


i.AUDl.X. 

Rend  rejjion,  which 
counties  and  a  portion 
00,000   acres,  of   which 


ipoit  on  tho   Lower   Pend  H  Oreitle, 

A'ation.  It  is  one  of  the 
for  aj;riculture  in  the 
c  conditions  are  excep- 
uture  remarkably  even. 
Ijasal'.  with  vegetable 
ain  has  been  almost  im- 
Dnrinj,^  the  lonjjest  of  the 
',  er  been  a  crop  failure. 
!  successfully  raised,  and 
)csides  jrreat  jjrain  fields, 
itoes,  onions,   field   peas, 


beans,  cabbajrcs,  and  other  veyetabl-js,  whicli  are 
raised  in  lar^je  quantities  for  shi])ment  by  the 
railroads  which  traverse  this  rei^ion.  I'ruit  of  all 
kinds  does  well,  especially  aloni;'  the  v.i!le\'  rcj^ions 
of  the  Columbia.  The  Big  Bend 
is  mostly  high,  rolling  prairie 
interspersed  with  occasiona 
timbered  canyons  and  mouii 
tains.       Water    is    easilv     ob 


has  been  a  new  impetus  in  inimigi'ati<in.  The 
characteristics  (if  this  county  are  quite  similar  to 
those  of  Lincoln  County  and  the  Palouse  country. 
The  soil  and  climate  are  the  same,  with  the  ex- 
ception that  tluTe  is  less 
rainfall  on  the  high  table- 
laiuls.  But  this  fact  does 
not  affect  the  yield  of 
crojjs,  which  are  iinifi irmly 
lirolilic.  The  ranges  are 
vast  and  exceptionally  line 
for  stock.     Orchards  a  few 


taincd  by  digging.  Lincoln 
County  is  well  populated 
and  has  a  great  many 
s])lendid  farms.  Out  of 
1,450,000  acn.'S  in  this  county 
150,000  are  under  cultiva- 
tion. Hundreds  of  thou- 
sands remain  open  to  entry 
or  purchase.  Wild  lands 
are  from  $2.50  t<j  §6.00  per 
;:jre.  Improved  farms  can 
be  had  at  prices  ranging 
from  $io.fo  to  $20.00  per 
acre.  early  scenes  about  spokane 

Out  of  the  2,500,000  acres  of  beautiful  prairie 
land  in  Douglas  County  but  40,000  are  in  cultiva- 
tion. .Since  the  jiassage  of  the  Creat  Northern  and 
Centra!  Washington  roads  into  that  ctiuntrv  there 


years  old  tes- 
tily as  to  the 
merits  of  this 
region  for 
fruit  grow- 
ing. No  finer 
ajjples,  pears, 
peaches,  cherries,  and  berries  ever  grew  than  in 
this  county. 

As  indicated  in  the  foregoing,  lands  are  abun- 
dant, desirable,  and  easily  obtpined.  This  countv 
—  an  empire  within  itself  —  is  destined  to  become 
one  of  the  greatest  farming  regions  in  the  North- 
west from  the  fact  that  everything  is  in  its  fa\-or. 

"  Ml.ADI  IWS    AMI    .MINIS." 

vSievens  County  joins  Spokane  Count}'  on  the 
nortli,  and  extends  to  the  international  boiiiularv. 
It  is   one  of  the  largest  and  nuist  diversified,  in 


I  i 


■THE    SWIMMIN'    HOLE.' 
23 


•1 

'i 

I 


Si*'' 


i 


■• ' 


lB«?atBmiJgaff|;nffnwmMai«CTWwm»HwwflmiBW^^ 


kD  Browuty.  4.  Centennill  FldB"  P"™""  Hou 

13.  Morro«  Strset  Bridge. 


f .  O,niir.o  Room,  Edison  Elecl^.c  Corrp.ny.  7    Power  Rconi,  Edi|or>  Eleclric  Ccrr.pany.  8    Spok.no  River  above  the  F.IH. 

14.  Middle  Fa:li.  5.  New  Sawm.il  ol  Northwest  M.lling  Company.  16.  C  and  C  Flour  Mil'. 


; 


'.!« 


conditifjiis,  of  an}-  cnnnty  in  Ivistcrn  ^Vasllill;4■t(l1l. 
The  C  ih'illo  \'all(.'y  and  its  Irihiilary  \-alk'ys  c.jii- 
stitutc  a  j^Tcat  hay-raisiiii;-  rei^inii,  M-hcrc  tliuii- 
sumls  of  tdtis  of  the  finest  timothy  liay  are  raised 
yearly.  The  farmers  shij)  most  of  it  to  Britisli  Co- 
lumbia, on  the  Spokane  &  Northern  Railway.  The 
l)eneli  lands  on  eaeh  side  of  the  valley  arc  mostl}" 
put  to  wheat  and  oat.s.  There  are  yet  hundreds 
of  fine  tracts  open  to  settlers,  and  the  ^ood  ])eoplc 
there  welcome  all  new-comers  of  enerj^y  and 
respectability.  The  western  portion  of  the  county, 
alonjj  the  Columbia,  is  one  of  the  finest  fruit-rais- 
inj.j  re^rions  out  of  doors.  A  threat  many  farmers 
ilcvote  almost  all  their  time  to  the  fruit-t^'rowinLi' 
Ijusincss.  For  a  distance  of  forty  miles  below 
Kettle  Falls  is  one  of  the  finest  farminy  re.i,nons  in 
existence.  Farmin;.^  here  is  a  i4:reat  success.  .Some 
of  the  farmers  pay  special  attention  to  the  stock 
iind  poultry  breeding'  business.  The  herds  and 
flocks  in  that  re,t;ion  are  cxci.'ptionally  fine,  (iood 
houses,  barns,  bij^'  orchards,  schoolhouses,  and 
well-built  churches  all  bespeak  the  prosperous 
condition  of  that  section. 

Colville,  the  county  seat,  is  romantically  situated, 
and  is  a  fine  business  point.  There  arc  manv 
places  of  historic  interest   in    that   county,  chief 


anion,;.;' which  is  Marcus  (ju  the  Colunibia.  A  visit 
to  that  county  will  well  repay  anyone,  whether  it 
lie  for  business  or  ])leasure. 

"Tin.     I'OI  I. AM  II." 

A  potlatch  is  an  Indian  j^ift  j^'athcrin;^.  It  is  an 
ancient  custom  for  Indian  chiefs  to  summon  their 
followers  aild  scatter  all  their  riches  amony  them. 

The  Potlatch  country  is  practically  an  eastern 
extension  of  the  Palouso  country.  It  is  in  Idaho, 
and  reaches  from  the  eastern  boundary  line  of 
Washintj^ton  to  the  foothills  of  the  Bitter  Root 
M(Uintains.  The  characteristics  are  similar  to 
th(jse  of  the  Palouse,  with  the  exception  that  the 
elevation  is  not  so  high,  and  it  is  consequently 
warmer.  It  is  well  sheltered  from  northern  winds 
by  the  mountain  range,  and  is  an  excellent  fruit 
country.  Apples,  pears,  plums,  cherries,  and 
peaches  are  raised  with  exceptional  success.  For 
wheat,  barley,  oats,  rye,  and  flax  the  Potlatch 
country  is  as  productive  as  the  Palouse  country. 
There  is  much  excellent  open  range  for  cattle  on 
the  foothills  of  the  mountains.  The  timbered 
country  of  the  foothills  has  been  found  in  recent 
year.;  to  be  almost  as  productive  as  the  prairie, 
when    cleared  of   its   o]U'n   growth  of   pine. 


1.  On  Ple««ant  Ptaifie. 


RURAL  SCENES  NEAR  SPOKANE. 
2.  Orchard  Horns,  near  Spokane  3,  Hijelwood  Da  fy  FacTi,  4.  Pine,  Tamarack,  and  Cedar. 


5.  The  Picking  Seaton, 


.:i 


mmBmmmmmmtmimrmmmmm 


umbia.     A  visit 
voiiL',  wliL'tiicr  it. 


;licriii,L;.  Il  is  an 
to  suinmou  tliL'ir 
ics  aminiy  tlicni. 
cally  an  eastern 

It  is  in  Idaho, 
xnindary  line  of 
the  Bitter  Root 
are  siniihir  to 
Leeption  that  the 
is  consequently 
1  nrirthern  winds 
n  excellent  fruit 

cherries,  and 
lal  success.  Vt>r 
ax  the  Potlatch 
Palouse  country, 
nge  fcir  cattle  on 

The  timbered 
1  found  in  recent 
e  as  the  prairie, 
th  of  pine. 


"SUNNY    ORCHARD    SLOPES." 


VICN     niJ\v    orchards,    and    vine- 
yards lilooni  on  tile  hi^^her  lanils 
of    the    ])rairies   and  the    sai^e- 
brush  jilainsdt  tlie  Pacific  slo])e; 
they  line  the  shores  of  the  Co- 
lumbia and  its  tributaries,  and 
frequently  chan,i.;e  the  mountain 
sides  of    Wasliin;.;i(in   and   Idaho 
into   bhjomini,'-  s^ardens.      Apples, 
peaches,  jjcars,  plums,  jjrunes,  apri- 
cots, nectarines,  cherries,  ami  small 
fruits  all  seem  natural  to  this  clime,  and 


Prunes  and  ])lums  also  bear  early  and  in  .^rcat 
profusion.  The  dilTerent  varieties  of  prunes  o| 
Washinvitoii  eipial  those  of  Italy  and  Turkey.  Our 
berries,  for  size  and  llavor,  are  unsurpassed.  The 
size  of  the  strawberries  of  Wasliin,!,aon  is  phenom- 
enal. They  r;in;^e  froni  the  size  of  a  hickory  nut 
to  a  hen's  e;^)^'.  Tliis  niav  seem  incredible,  but 
pli<itoi;raphs  of  strawberries  have  been  taken 
s'iowin;4'  some  to  be  as  lari,a' as  the  i)alm  of  a  man's 
hand.  Tlie  crops  of  this  berry  ha\'e  yielded  sums 
varvini.,'-  from  8-00  to  $700  per  acre.  The  market 
east  of  Washington  is  lar^a',  especirdly  in  the  min- 


The  Picking  Seaion, 


INTERIOR  VIEWS  SPOKANE  r'RUIT  FAIR,    1855. 
2" 


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(rt  -3 

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or  X 

RANGi:. 


tKins  i)articularly  favurcd  lay  claim  to  the  title 
ot'  "horse  heaven."  Sl(jck  of  all  kinds  do  well, 
and  refiuire  feed  only  in  the  severest  winter 
Weather.  Horses  i^et  aloni,''  nieely  in  midwinter 
by  pawins,''  the  sn(jw  from  the  bunch  jj'rass  on 
the  ran;.;es.  This  siieeies  of  jjfrass  cures  as  it 
matures,  and  loses  nunc  of  its  nutritious  c|ual- 
ities.  The  soft  southwest  winds  frequentlv  melt 
the  snows  on  the  southern  and  western  slcjpes  of 
the  hills  in  midwinter,  thus  affordintf  excellent 
j^raziuj.^  for  the  herds  of  cattle  and  sheep.  Tliis 
country  makes  extensive  shipments  of  beeves  anil 
sheep  to  the  market.s  east.  The  cattle  raisers  of 
^[ontana  and  Wvominir  frequently  come  to  Wash- 
in,y;ton  to  replenish  their  herds.  The  sheep  indus- 
try in  the  southern  jiortion  of  Washin.nton,  and 
Idalin,   and    ]'"astern   OiX'Ljdn    is    (piile   extensi\-e. 


A    HALF    PAV 


ON    THE     SPOKANE    RIVER 
(in  bJliIHin  Trout,    't22  pounua. 


CIVILIZED   INDIANS. 

California  sheep-shearers  make  an  annual  piljjrini- 
aL;e  into  sheep-raisin;^'  sections  of  our  reijion,  and 
reap  (|;iile  a  harvest  of  dollai's  as  well  as  of  wool. 

Only  in  the  ])ast  two  \-ears  have  ho^s  received 
any  serious  attention.  IIoi;  raisinj;'  has  durinj^ 
that  time  bccunie  one  of  the  leailiniif  industries, 
which  is  owini;-  to  the  establishment  of  a  number 
of  packin;4-hiiuses  in  Spokane.  Wheat  constitutes 
the  chief  feed  for  fattening;'.  It  is  claimed  by 
])ackers  and  consumers  that  wheat-fed  pork  is 
sweeter  and  better  than  corn  or  swill  fed  jxirk. 
The  fatteninif  qualities  of  wheat  as  a  feed  sur- 
pass those  of  any  other  jijrain. 

vSpecial  attention  is  jjfiven  to  the  raisinj,--  of  cattle 
ft)r  dairy  purposes.  Jerseys  and  Holstcins  are 
^rreat  favorites,  while  Devons  and  other  tine  breeds 
for  milk  and  cheese  have  their  champions.  The 
dairy  business  has  received  a  fresh  impetus,  and 
now  creameries  are  ,sprinj;in<if  up  all  over  the 
country.  In  every  direction  are  numerous  valless, 
and  .n'reat  attention  is  paid  to  hay  raisin.ir.  With 
abundance  of  hay  raised  at  a  low  fi_i;ure,  and  a 
li;.rht  feedinjr  of  "chop,"  the  farmer  finds  a  h;'.nd- 
sonie  profit  in  the  sale  of  milk  to  the  creameries. 
It  will  not  be  lonji;'  before  the  makinj.f  of  cheese 
and  butter  will  be  amon;..;-  the  leadinj^  industries  of 
this  reu'ion. 


-^y 


f 


SPOKANE'S   POULTRY   SHOW. 


li 


I 


\, 


'i' 


OUI/FRV    fariiiint;'   can    bo   ])iir- 
siK'd  lici'c  willi  as  s^rcat  success 
as    any    other     industry.     The 
conditions  are  very  favorable  : 
I'irst,  the  climate  ;    second,  the 
cheapness   of   feed ;    third,  the 
abundance  of   fresh  runninj;-  water  ; 
fourth,  the  absence  of    all  diseases  com- 
mon   to  poul- 
try,   and,  last, 


the  market  demand 
for  poultry  and  c}jfj;s. 
Perhaps  the  }.;Teatest 
demanil  for  these  two 
commodities  is  from 
the  mininj,'-  rejfion  ad- 
jacent to  this  section. 
The  averaj^e  miner 
j^ets  jjood  waycs,  and 
he  lives  well.  Cliicken, 
ej(j,fs,  and  roast  turkey 


are  served  with  j,'-reat  freijuency.  "They  come 
hij^h,  but  we  must  have  "em,"  is  a  very  pertinent 
phrase  amoui,''  miners.  The  demanil  in  the  cities 
for  domestic  fowls  anil  e.^j^s  is  as  ;;reat.  Poultry 
ranj^es  in  price  from  §-'.50  to  §4.00  per  dozen,  cjfj^s 
from  $5.00  to  S7.00  per  case. 

Poultry  associations  have  been  formed  in  most  of 
the  counties,  and  ;;reat attention  isj.;iven  tocareful 

breeding-.  The  third 
).;reat  poultry  show  of 
the  Northwest  was 
held  in  Spokane  in 
February,  1896,  where 
several  hundred  dol- 
lars in  cash  prizes  were 
paid,  and  a  trophy  cup 
of  §150  wasjriven.  All 
the  leadinj;-  poulterers 
of  the  Northwest  were 
present,  and  the  ex- 
hibit was  very  fine. 


GLIMPSES  OF  SOME  OF  SPOKANE  S  NEIGHBORS. 
1     VViirn"an  County  Court  House,  Co 'ax.     2.  Tekoa.     3.  Mam  Street,  Pu'lman.     4    Uoiontown. 

30 


ii!iiini!iiiii^^ 


"THE    HEART  OF   THE    INLAND    Ex\nMRl: 


"TliL'V  L'oniu 
;i  VLTV  pLTtiiiL'iU 
laiul  ill  tliL'  cities 
^  ^;roat.  Poultry 
o  per  dozen,  cj^};s 

rmed  in  most  of 

s  j^iveii  to  careful 

lin--.      The  third 

])i)ultry  show  of 

Nortlnvest     was 

in     Spokane    in 

iiary,  1S96,  where 

■al    hundred  dol- 

n  cash  prizes  were 

and  a  trophy  cup 

50  was},nven.    All 

eadiii^-  ixniltcrers 

e  Northwest  were 

.■nt,  and    the    cx- 

was  verv  fine. 


Ill''  city  (if  .S]iokane  is  a  metropo- 
lis. It  is  a  modern,  ui)-ln-date 
city,  cnilii)dyin},f  all  the  best  fea- 
tures of  inetr<i|)olilan  life  in  the 
nineteenth  century.  The  architec- 
ture of  its  l)uildiii;;s,  ])ulilic  and  yvi- 
vate,  is  of  the  most  recent  ami  ini- 
,-  proved  st)'les.  The  city,  with  its 
double  .system  of  li,i;htinj^  (yas  and 
electricity),  its  ma^'-nifieent  water- 
work.s,  its  beautiful  driveways,  its 
street  railways,  its  telephonic  and 
railroad  connections,  its  daily  press,  its  manufac- 
tures, its  lartjc  tradinj^^  houses,  and  its  air  of  activ- 
ity and  energy,  is  striking;  and  impressive,    l-^very 


The  site  upon  wiiich  vSjiokane  is  located  is  one 
iif  tlio  most  picturesciue  on  the  continent.  The 
broad  and  beautiful  expanse  of  scenery  surround- 
in.ij  it  can  not  be  surpassed.  The  window  opciiini^s 
of  every  stately  structure  in  and  about  the  I'ity 
frame  a  picture  of  some  scene  that  dcli};hls  the 
eye. 

Spokane  is  the  trade  center  of  a  district  exlciul- 
injf  :'oo  miles  in  every  direction,  embracinji;-  all  of 
liastcrn  Washington,  Northern  Idalio,  Western 
Montana,  and  parts  of  ICastcrn  Oregon  and  British 
Columbia.  Numerous  railway  lines  reach  out  into 
these  sections,  bringing  them  into  direct  connec- 
tion with  this  center,  enabling  it  to  handle  the 
pnjducts  of  the  rich  farming  and  mining  districts. 


VARIOUS   VIEWS   OF   THE    FALLS   AT   SPOKANE. 


visitor  and  newcomer  expresses  surprise  and 
pleasure  at  finding  everything  here  the  newest 
and  of  the  best.  One  aptly  expressed  it  when  he 
said  it  looked  as  though  a  good-sized  section  of 
the  best  i^ortion  of  Chicago  had  been  transplanted 


to  thi 


spot. 


She  stands  as  the  gateway  to  Washington  and 
Oregon,  and  is  the  chief  railroad  center  of  the 
Pacific  slope. 

Two  prominent  features  at  an  early  day  jjointcd 
to  the  location  of  a  considerable  city  at  this  point  — 
the   effective  water-power   and  the    selection,  by 


31 


f 


.1  JC' 


V  \  ' 


S^ 


K.: 


C*        ■-" . 


iA- 


V  < 


^P"-^ 


ffli!l»g!B!fflB^^ 


m 


tlu'  XiiitlKin  r.uilK-  l-l.iilriiad  ('(uniiaiix-,  of  the 
nuitc  tliroii^h  tliu  Spukani.'  \'alk y  on  inifr>;in^; 
Inmi  the  Hitter  Kddt  Mountains.  Tliu  survoy 
throii^ih  this  rcj^ion  was  made  in  iS;;,  and  the 
pro-^lJCH't  of  the  near  l)nil(lin);-  of  the  road  imhieed 
(juite  an  inllux  of  jjioneers.  A  ])riniiti\-e  sawmill 
was  the  first  industry  ofierated  l>y  the  water- 
power,  but  the  finaneial  disasters  of  that  \ear 
inehuled  tlie  Northern  Pacific  cnterjjrise,  and  the 


prise  in  1S71J;  an<l  in  iSSo  eonstruetinii  he^an  Irmn 
Aiiisworth,  on  the  (."olnnihia,  i)iisl)in;f  cast  and 
reaehinjj;  Spokane  in  iSSi.  Connection  of  the 
lastern  and  western  divisions  was  made  in  ^fon- 
tana  in  iSSj,  hut  the  rapid  dc\elopnu-nl  expected 
liy  'ho  completion  of  the  transcontini'ntal  line  was 
checki'd  by  the  Villard  failure  of  tliat  year.  Ke- 
newi'il  acti\ity  was  stimidateil  in  iSS(  by  the  niift- 
eral  discoveries  in  the  t'leiir  d'Alene  re^^ion.     The 


INTERIORS    OF    SOME    OF    SPOKANE  S    RETAIL    STORES. 


sanj^nine  immigration  dwindled  to  a  solitary  half 
dozen.  Enterprise  languished  till  the  winter  of 
1877-78,  when  two  comjianies  of  infantry  were 
quartered  here,  partly  for  the  purpose  of  quieting 
the  region,  after  the  disturbance  of  the  Nez  Perce 
war,  and  mainly  preparatory  to  the  establishment 
of  Fort  Sherman,  on  Lake  Cieur  d'Alene,  thirty-five 
miles  east  of  Spokane.  This  served  to  return  the 
current  of  immigration,  which  was  further  revived 
by  the  resuscitation  of  the  Northern  Pacific  enter- 


agricultural  attractions  of  the  Palouse  and  Big 
Bend  regions  were  at  this  time  drawing  quickened 
attention,  and  heavy  immigration  set  in.  The 
development  of  the  water-power  kept  pace  with 
these  movements.  Sawmills  and  flemring  mills 
were  put  into  operation.  It  now  became  appar- 
ent that  Spokane  was  to  be  the  manufacturing, 
commercial,  and  educational  center  of  an  immense 
region,  and  in  1886  the  first  of  a  series  of  railway 
feeders  was   inaugurated   in    the    construction  of 


33 


I 

i 

i 


i. 


i 


tlic  Spdkiinc  &•  Paloiisc  ri);i(l.  In  iSSS  eaiiic  tlif 
Spokane  &  I(lal)<>;  and  tlif  Stattk',  Lake  Slinrc  A 
ICastcrii,  tlic  SpokaiU'iV  Xdrtlicrii,  and  the  Orc^'on 
Railway  &  XaviKatiun  lirancli  t-aiiic  in  1S.S9.  and 
the   C.'untra!    Wasliin^jtmi    in     iHgo.      'I"l)f    (iivat 


X'trthcrn,  the  third  transcontinental  line,  reached 
here  in  1S92,  Tims,  within  little  more  than  a 
decade,  Spokane  attained  the  distinction  of  the 
lar;;tst  railroad  center  on  the  Pacific  slope.  Sini- 
iiltaneons  with   the  hnildin^j  of  these  ;;reat  hi;^h- 


V 


mismsmmmmmmmm 


mmmiimnwnifmrmimmmmgg^ 


.•ached 

hai)    a 

A    the- 

Sim- 


"P  i 


i 


|)iiits  to  I'liiiia  and  Ja|KUi,  !$.}i5,ooo — iiiakiii)^'  a 
tiilal  (if  I'Xpurts  to  tiiffij^ii  (.iiimlriis  almu',  (nr 
tliu  year,  <>f  §1/10,043. 


\va_\s,  luiiiLral  iliscdViTics  and  (k'Vclnpiiu'i.l  \vrri_' 
stcadil)'  puslic'd  in  tliu  surrnundin;;'  niDimlaiii 
rL'^idiis.  Till'  ■apahilitics  (if  aj^riculture  bcLanu- 
bL'tt(.'r  iiiulfrstoiid,  and  many  aj,a'n(.ii'S  were  cim- 
trihutin^  to  tlio  ai-'tckTatcd  and  lu^althy  ^^rnwtli 
of  tlie  city. 

Tlic  dc'strnc'tivu  and  alniosi  ovL-rwliulniin;;  (iic 
of  iS,S(j  entailed  Init  a  tnonientary  elieik  on  the 
rapid  proj,M'ess  of  the  eity,  and  sneh  was  tlie  eimli- 
denee  in  its  tlestiny  that  nmne)'  llowed  alniosl 
withont  stint  into  the  reennsirnetinn  fund  A 
period  (if  two  years  of  ])ro(lii;i(ins  Imildin^'  enter- 
prise followed,  );ivin^'  Spokane  ample  faeilities  I'nr 
the  administration  of  the  material,  educational. 
ci\-ic,  and  social  interests  of  the  inland  empire. 

A  }i;-limpse  of  the  commercial  features  of  the  city 
shows  si.Kty-two  (irms  en^a};ed  in  the  wholes.nle, 
johhinjf,  and  eonimissioii  l)usiness,  and  3,58  houses 
enj;a),'-ed  in  the  retail  lines.  Dnrint;  i.S(;5  the 
amount    of    ontjji'oin),^    freights,     in    pounds,    was 


■jlOKJNE    Hi   r^L     ;-Hi   KANt 

"  I  in;   \\\  \\.  I  M-i  ui'  A  riNo   1  a;  i.s. 

The  leadin;;  industries  of  Sjiokane  are  m  llour 
and  lumber.  Tiiero  are  four  flouring  mills  here 
with  an  am;re};ate  ilaily  capacity  of  3,000  barrels. 

It  is  j;enerally  conceded  by  all  who  have  seen 
Spokane  that  its  advantay^es  as  a  manufacturinj.f 
center  b)'  far  surjiass  those  of  any  other  ])Iaee  in 
the  Xorthwesl.  The  };reat,  unfailinj;' watei'-puwer 
not  only  drives  the  machinery  of  the  lar^i'r  mills 
and  factories,  but  also  jieiieratcs  the  additional 
force  in  the  electric  dynamos  for  the  lij;hter  lines 
of  manufacturinj;-  throuj;Iiout  the  city.  There  are 
in  all  about  seventy-five  concerns  en^;ij;ed  in  the 
producti\e  industries.  Those  of  the  Jij^htcr  lines 
arc  such  as  jirinters,  clotliinj;'  makers,  harness 
makers,  jewelers,  opticians,  novelty  manufacturers. 


J31, 204,463.  The  number  of 
jioirnds  of  ores  forwarded  li. 
smelters  was  72,491),  170.  Value 
of  exports  to  ISritisli  Columbia, 
$635,043  ;    value    of    flour    ex- 


SOME    HOME    INDUSTRIES   OF    SPOKANE. 

35 


acker  factories,  and  candy 
makers,  most  of  which  use  elec- 
tricity for  rnnninjif  their  ma- 
chinery. Some  sash  and  door 
factories  also  use  electricit\-. 


Tlic  niiniimini  iiiolivc  force  of  tlie  Spokane 
Falls,  wliich  (low  tliroui^h  tlic  heart  of  the  city,  is 
^j.ooo  horse-power.  This  is  14,000  h()rsc-])o\vcr 
•greater  tlian  that  of  St.  Antliony  I'alls  at  Minne- 
apolis, which  furnish  the  jjowcr  for  the  .n'reatest 
llourini;-  mills  on  the  continent. 

'■  >1'  AKKI.INO    AM)    liKKill  r, 

i\  ns  i,i<jiii)  iic.Hi." 
The  water  su]iply  for  Spokane  is  unlimited.     It 


ri\-er  a  few  miles  al)ove  the  city,  from  wliich  a  por- 
tion of  the  river  flow  is  diverted  lhrou;.;h  a  canal  to 
the  power  house.  I'our  larj^e  i)umi)s,  with  a  daily 
ca]Dacity  of  2,500,000  j^alloris  e.'.ich,  are  employed  in 
forcin.i;-  the  water  throu.i^h  a  ;,j-inch  steel  main 
into  the  svstem  of  pijic  lines  throu;..;hoiit  the  city. 
Tliere  arc  thirty-seven  miles  of  pijies  at  present, 
and  308  hydrants.  The  inim])s  are  run  by  ttirbine 
water  motors  of  the  latest  approved  pattern.     The 


SCHOOLS   OF    SPOKANE, 
Biyant  Public  School  2.    H.gh  School.  3.    Edison   Public  School  4    Lincoln   Public  School 


6.    Irving  Public  School 


7     St.  John's  Episcopal  School 


5.    Fianklin   Pu 
8.    Bancroft  Public  School. 


is  very  pure,  clear  as  crystal,  and  almost  entirely 
free  from  lime.  It  is  cold  at  all  seasons  of  the 
year.  The  real  source  of  supjily  is  I>ake  CNeur 
d'Alene.  The  only  outlet  of  the  lake  is  the  Si>o- 
kane  River,  which  flows  through  a  deep,  rocky 
chaniici  for  a  distance  of  thirty-five  miles  to  and 
throii,uh  this  city.  A  reservoir  system  is  estab- 
lished bv  means  of  a  huije  stone  dam  across  the 


jjower  i^.  controlled  by  four  yo-inch  iron  valves, 
which  were  cast  at  one  of  the  iron  foundries 
in  this  city.  The  city  owns  the  water-works, 
and  the  income  from  rentals  is  sufficient  to  pav 
the  ex])cnses  of  the  water  department  and 
the  interest  thereon,  also  to  leave  a  ,sur])lus 
for  a  sii  kin).j  fund.  No  city  is  better  etpiipped 
in  this  resiled. 


3C> 


I 


i 


Wm^' 


s«i!agiiMm!iiiiiiim'<iiMM 


re  nil  wliich  ;i  jjor- 
irciiif^h  a  canal  to 
lips,  with  a  daily 
arc  employed  in 
•inch  steel  main 
in.i,rh()iit  the  city. 
jjipcs  at  present, 
"e  run  hy  turbine 
L.'d  pattern.     The 


"OX   TEAMS    NO    MORE    EOREVER.' 


Iin   Public   School 


nch  iron  valves, 
:  iron  foundries 
he  water-works, 
sufficient  to  i)av 
eixirtment  and 
cave  a  surplus 
better  eipiipped 


%■■ 


Nok  rill  UN    |.  \(  III. 

KAIIKo  Ml. 

b  il^^il  «  ^"■^;-  ''This  "-as  the  nrst  -rcat  trans- 
***''^-'    •  -^^^  '  .' 1         continental  hnc  to  ivach 

the  Pacific  slope  in  the 
Xorthwest,  the  last  s])ike 
haviiii.;'  been  driv'en  in 
i<SS5.  It  (.'ntersSpi-kane 
from  the  cast,  passiii;;-  t',.;-ou,;-h 
the  heart  of  the  city  parallel  with  the  riv(.'r.  From 
this  jjoint  to  the  sea  it  takes  a  southwesterly  course, 
cr()ssin,y;  the  Columbia  at  Pasco  and  c<innectin,n- 
Spokane  with  the  j^rcat  fruit  and  hop  j^rowini;" 
re^'ions  of  the  Ya- 
kima Valley.  The 
chief  towns  alonj.^ 
this  line  within  200 
miles  of  Spokane, 
ca.sL  and  west, 
number  foiirLeeii. 
All  are  live,  flour- 
ishing' places.     On 


The  smaller  scalions  east  and  west  alon.i;-  tlic 
Northern  Paciiie  Railroad  arc  numerous,  thriflv, 
.md  ser\-e  )>reath'  in  facilitatiiij;-  the  business  of 
theadjaeent  countrx,  of  which  livestock  and  ,nrain 
form  the  chief  features.  The  lines  tributary  to 
the  Xorthcrn  Pacific,  and  which  connect  at  Spo- 
kane, are  the  vSpokane&  Palousc,  exteiulinj^'  south- 
ward ijo  miles;  the  Central  Washiii,u;ton  (now  an 
independent  line),  extending'  westward  124  miles 
to  Coulee  City,  in  the  IJij;-  liend  ;  and  the  I)eSmct 
&  C(.ur  d'Alcne  branch,  which  runs  directly  east- 
ward from  Spokane,  via  Cieiir  d'Alcne  City,  to  De 
Smct,    ^loiit,,    the  junction  jxiint  for  the  branch 

line  to  the  Cojur 
d'Alcne  mines,  218 
miles  from  Spo- 
kane. 

The  Northern 
Pacific  traverses  a 
rej^-ion  rich  in  re- 
sources, rich  in  all 
that  nature  can  be- 


the  cast  are  Mis.soula, 
^b)nt.,  population  4,500; 
Thompson  Falls,  ^[ont., 
population  300  ;  Hope, 
Idaho,  population  500; 
Saml  Point,  Idaho,  pop- 
ulation 1,000;  Rath- 
drum,  Idaho,  twenty- 
seven  miles  east  of  vSpo- 
kane,  ])opulation  ;oo. 
These  all  lie  east  of 
this  city. 

West  of  Spokane, 
within  the  limit  of  200 
miles,  are  Cheney. 
Wash..,  population  1,500; 
Spra;.;ue,  county  seat  of  Lincoln  County,  population 
1,500;  Ritzville,  count \'  seat  of  Adams  i'ounty,  l)op- 
ulation  500;  Pasco,  county  scat  of  I'ranklin  C'ouiiix-, 
population  300;  Kenncwick,  population  400;  Norili 
Yakima,  eounty  scat  of  Yakima  County,  population 
,?.5oo;  Ellciisbur),'',  countx'  seat  of  Kittitas  Cotinty, 
population  ,5,500. 


I.    Spokane  Fa's  &  Nn'tf^- 
Car  Si'0|)r,  a.u     Rt 


stow,  and  far  more  pop- 
ulous than  one  would 
supjjose  by  merely  pass- 
inj;-  over  the  line. 

OKI  (;o\    KAII  WAV    \ 

N  \\  K;  A  IIO.N    COMPANY. 

This  is  an  extensive 
systjm,  with  a  total 
rail  mileaj^-e  of  1,065 
mills,  and  water  lines 
of  1  oil  miles,  makinj; 
an  iij^-gregate  of  2,076 
milc>,  all  within  Wash- 
inji;ton,  Orej^on,  and 
Idaho.  Of  this  road 
455  miles  are  in  Washin.i.;ton.  This  comi)any's  lines 
also  ha\-e  direct  connection  with  the  Union  Pacilic 
road,  thus  lettin,!;-  tluit  i^reat  line  into  Si)okane  as 
the  third  transcontinental  road  conncctin.i;-  with 
the  I'.ast.  This  alTords  (uitlcl  to  P.oi.sc,  Salt  Lake. 
Denver,  and  all  jjoints  southeast.  Th.e  Oregon 
Railway  \:  Navi;;ation  also  connects  Spokane  with 


RAILROAD    TERMINALb. 
n  Pdssfnger  and   Freight  Dep-'ts.      2  and   3     Gfat  Nortns 
undhouse.     4.    Northern  Pacific  Passenger  Depot. 


37 


Ill 


Portland,  Ore.,  and  tlie  lines  by  rail  and  sea  to 
San  I'ranL'iseo.  It  touches  twelve  larj.'fe  towns  in 
'\Vashinj,nor  and.  three  towns  in  Idaho.  It  affords 
direct  connection  between  this  city  and  the  y-old 
and  siher  belts  of  Orej,ron  and  Idaho.  One  can 
take  the  Orej^on  Raihvay  &  Navij^ation  Road  at 
Spokanj  in  the  mornin_i;-,  and  by  noon  reach 
AVardner,  Wallace,  Burke,  Osborne,  I\Iullan,  and 
other  }.;reat  inininj^  towns  of  the  Idaho  rej^ion  of 


several  lines  of  beautiful  and  commodious  steamers 
on  the  Columbia,  Clearwater,  Snake  and  Willa- 
mette rivers.  It  also  operates  a  line  of  ocean 
steamers  from  Portland,  Ore.,  to  San  Francisco, 
Cal, 

It  has  been  one  of  the  prime  factors  in  the  de- 
velo])nient  of  the  g'reat  Northwest,  and  apparently 
will  continue  to  be,  as  th;it  company  proposes  to 
build  more  feeders  and  to  make  further  extensions 


BRITISH    COLUMBIA    LAKES    AND    RIVERS. 
1      Nelson.     2.    Lake   Kootenai  from  Pilot  Bay.     3.    Five   Mi'e   Point  on   La'-. 
4.    North  End  of  Lake  Kootenai.     5,    Trail  Lai   Img,  Culiimhi.i  Rr -i 


precious  minerals.  This  road  traverses  the  "^reat 
Palouse  farniinjif  country  from  end  to  end.  It  has 
an  inti  i  ate  system  of  feeders  in  that  section  and 
does  an  enormous  j;rain-carryinjjf  traffic.  It  con- 
nects S]iokane  with  nearly  all  the  county  seats  in 
Southeaster  i  Washinjjfton.  haviiis;-,  in  all,  si.\ty-ninc 
stations  in  this  State  alone.     This  company  runs 


to  its  mail;  lines,  (t  >i-.  rates  throuj^li  a  fine  sec- 
tion of  the  count  y,  nnted  for  wheat,  fruit,  and 
fi:i.\.  Every  station  has  its  hiij^e  warehouses  and 
elevators  for  j;r;iin  and  storaj^e.  Every  town 
throut^h  which  the  lines  of  the  Ore}.;<)n  Railway  &• 
Naviijailon  Company  i)ass,  sho'vs  evidence  of  un- 
usual thrift  and  ene^^y. 


3« 


\^: 


wmnmMmfmmmmimmmmmmmMmmm 


iiiodious  steamers 

Inake    and  Willa- 

a  line   of   ocean 

J   San   Francisco, 

factors  in  tlie  de- 
st,  and  apparently 

pany  proposes  to 
urthcr  extensions 


iroiij^h  a  fine  sec- 
wheat,  fruit,  and 
:  warehouses  and 
,'e.  I'2very  town 
)re,n-on  Railway  & 
s  evidence  of  un- 


IIIK    i;KK  A  I      NOK  I  III  KN. 

The  above  is  the  title  of  the  last  transconti- 
nental line  built  into  Sjxikanc.  It  enters  Wasli- 
in;^ton  at  the  northern  base  of  Mount  Carlcton- 
on  the  Idaho  line.  It  reaches  Spokane  by  a  south- 
easterly course,  followinj^  the  Little  Spokane  and 
skirting;  the  well-known,  beautiful  prairies  wiiich 
lie  between  Spokane  and  the  mountain.  vSix 
flounshinjj  towns  have  been  built  on  this  line 
between  this  city  and  i'->e  Idaho  line,  where  stands 
Newport,  on  the  Pend  d'(Jii.:lle  River,  which  leads 
one  into  the  fine  dairy  rej^ion  of  Stevens  County, 
known  as  the  Kalisjiel  Valley,  and  to  the  Metaline 
mining  district,  farther  north  on  that  river.  A 
little  iarther  eastward  the  (ireat  Northern  lea.ds 
to  the  mininjj  and  biy^  timber  regions  of  the  Koote- 
nai River,  crossinjj  that  stream  at  Bonner's  Ferry, 
Idaho.  In  leavinjj  vSpokane  for  Pui/et  Sound  the 
road  takes  a  westerly  course  throui.;h  Spokane, 
Linc(  In,  and  Douglas  counties,  and  passes  through 
twenty-two  towns  and  stations  before  it  reaches 
the  Columbia  at  Wenatchee,  the  j,M'eat  fruit  center 
of  the  middle  Columbia  rc'jfion.  The  Wenatchee 
River  enters  the  Columbia  from  the  Cascade 
Mountains  at  this  point.  The  town  of  Wenatchee 
is  in  the  very  center  of  the  State,  and  is  equidis- 
tant from  Spokane  and  Seattle.  Northwest  of 
the  Wenatchee  Vi'llej'  are  a  number  of  lakes,  of 
which  beautiful  Ch.dan  is  the  jjreatest,  it  being 
seventy  miles  long  and  from  two  to  four  miles 
wide.  Fine  bearing  orchards  and  vineyards  already 
exist  in  th(>  vicinity  of  Lake  Chelan.  The  lake  is 
reached  from  Wenatchee  by  boat  on  the  Cohnrbia 
to  Chelan  Fall.;,  and  boats  continue  up  the  river 
to  Virginia,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Okanogan  River. 
The  (ireat  Northern,  in  its  ci.urse  through  Doug- 
las County,  passes  through  a  new,  inviting  region 
of  unoccupied  (iovc'-nmcnt  lands,  "^'-".y  settlers 
have  located  therv  and  are  doing  well.  Douglas 
County  composes  a  greater  part  of  the  Hig  Bend 
country,  which  is  destined  to  become  one  of  the 
most  prosperous  sections  of  the  State.  The  lack 
of  railroad  facilities  alone  has  jirevented  it  frcjm 
being  as  populous  as  some  of  the  more  favored 
counties.  Now  that  it  has  a  great  transcontinental 
line  connectinj;  it  with  two  of  the  ]')rinci])al  ]ioints 
in  the  .State,  it  must  rapidly  develop. 

rUK    S1'()K.\N1-.    K.M.I.S    &    NOUrUKKN     KAII.W.W. 

Tliis  is  the  only  line  of  railway  affording  direct 
connection  with  British  Columbia,  and  the  great 
mines  of  Trail  Creek  anil  Kootenai  districts.  It 
also  affords  direct  connection  with  the  Canadian 
Pacific  Railway,  via  the  Columbia  Ri\er. 


The  Spokane  I'alls  iV  .Northern  Railway,  starting 
from  Si)okaiie  and  having  its  general  othces  there, 
runs  in  a  i"  rtherly  direction  through  a  region 
ipiite  diversitied  in  character,  jiartly  forest  and 
])artl_\-  open  valley.  It  is  rich  in  many  resources, 
espcciallx-  in  saw  timber,  hay  lands,  building  stone, 
and  minerals.  There  are  vast  bodies  of  variegated 
and  plain  white  marble,  besides  alabaster  and  onyx 
as  fine  as  the  ])roduct  of  Italy  or  Mexico,  located 
within  six  miles  of  the  line  of  the  road,  and  near 
Waitt's  Lake.  There  are  also  large  bodies  of 
slate,  which  are  as  yet  undeveloped. 

The  evidences  of  these  are  plainly  in  view  along 
the  line  of  the  road.  Numerous  sawmills,  huge 
hay  barns,  stretches  (jf  valley  lands,  mines  of 
silver  and  gold  can  be  seen  along  the  rc'te  at 
dilTcrent  ])oints  and  stations,  from  the  first  outly- 
ing town  from  Spokane  to  the  British  line,  where  it 
connects  with  the  Nelson&  Fort  Shepherd  Railway. 

This  latter  road  is  an  exteiision  of  the  Si)okane 
Falls  &  Northern  system,  and  is  operated  by  the 
Spokane  Falls  &  Northern  Railway  ComjKiny.  It 
penetrates  the  great  Kootenai  mining  region,  and 
makes  connection  with  the  Slocan,  Kaslo,  Pilot 
Bay,  Ainsworth,  and  Lardea  t  mining  camps.  A 
large  number  of  towns  and  small  stations  have 
sprung  up  along  this  line,  and  the  settlements 
surrounding  these  ])oints  are  growing  ra])idly. 

At  Clayton,  on  the  Spokane  I-'alls  <!v  Northern 
Railway,  a  large  brick,  tiling,  and  pottery  concern 
h;,s  been  operating  successfully  for  .several  years. 
The  finest  cr(.'am-tinted  and  colored  pressed-brick 
ever  used  in  struc^iiral  work  is  made  here  from 
white  clay.  Tliese  works  are  very  extensive,  and 
employ  a  large  number  of  men.  Millions  of  brick, 
tons  "f  pottery  and  ornamental  terra  cotta,  and  all 
kinds  of  tiling  known  to  the  trade  are  manufac- 
tured there. 

Loon  Lake  is  a  romantic  summer  resort  on  the 
line,  thirty-nine  miles  out  from  Spokane.  This 
place  is  the  i-esort  of  hundreds  during  the  summer 
months,  and  is  one  of  the  chief  points  of  attraction 
in  the  Northwest. 

This  road  traverses  the  valley  of  Colville  River 
from  its  S(juree  to  the  Columbia.  This  is  .<ne  of 
the  finest  of  dairy  regions.  Hay  and  cattle  have 
been  the  leading  items  of  farm  jiroducts  in  that 
section.  No  region  in  the  world  ofiers  better 
inducements  to  the  dairy  industry  than  the  Colville 
and  Columbia  valleys.  Next  to  luiy  and  cattle, 
fnn't  of  all  kinds  grown  in  this  latitude  has  come 
in  for  a  share  of  the  farmers'  attenti(jn.  Apples, 
peaches,  -prunes,  and  strawl)erries  are  grown 
extensively  in  the  neighborhood  of  Colville,  Meyers 
Falls,  and   on   the  Columbia  below  Kettle  Falls. 


39 


m 


I 


FORT    LAPWAI    AGENCY,     NEZ    PERCES    INDIAN    RESERVATION 


Carloads  of  these  fruits  in  their  season  are 
shipped  northward  into  British  Columbia  and  to 
points  southward  as  well. 

The  road  passes  in  siH;ht  of  the  picturesque 
shores  of  the  Columbia  f(jr  a  distance  of  forty-five 
miles,  also  throu.trh  ^Marcus,  one  of  the  oldest 
inland  towns  of  the  Northwest,  and  Northport, 
the  United  States  port  of  entry  between  this 
country  and  British  Columbia.  The  road  is  well 
equipped  in  all  respects.  It  has  connections  by 
stajre  with  the  Boundary  Creek  niininy  rei^ion 
toward  the  head  of  Kettle  River,  and  with  Ross- 
land,  B.  C,  the  seat  of  the  Trail  Creek  mine.-i,  and 
with  all  towns  on  the  upper  Columbia  by  steamer. 

It  is  the  only  line  leadinjj  to  the  noted  Trail 
Creek  mines,  on  Red  Mountain,  where  thousands 
are  flockinj,'-  in  the  hope  of  .securing;-  bit,^  finds.  The 
output  of  these  new  mines  is  the  current  topic  of 
the  day  in  mining  circles  the  world  over.  This 
railway  also  leads  to  theColville  Reservation,  well 
known  to  lic  rich  in  minerals  as  well  as  in  agri- 
cultural lands. 


■ttiL      .                 U)^Jllb 

IK*         -■.- 

i 

SI'OKANK    A     I'AI.OISK     KAII.KOAI). 

The  Spokane  &  PaU)Usc  Railroad  courses  its 
way  through  the  very  heart  of  the  great  Palouse 
country,  which  embraces  5,075,920  acres,  of 
which  there  are  1,570,000  under  cultivation,  at 
an  assessed  valuation  of  §78,300,000.  The  coun- 
try is  fairly  well  populated,  and  the  stations, 
which  include  several  large  flcnirishing  towns, 
are  numerous.  The  Palouse  region  is  one  of 
the  most  prosperous  in  the  West.  The  lands 
are  rolling  and  fertile,  and  there  are  thousands 
of  acres  still  vacant,  which  are  held  by  the 
Northern  Pacific  Land  Company,  and  are  on 
the  market  at  low  prices  and  easy  terms. 
Prices  range  from  $2.50  to  $6.00  per  acre. 
Improved  lands  can  be  had  at  prices  varying 
from  $6  to  $30  per  acre,  according  to  location 
and  character  of  improvements.  The  Spokane 
&  Palou.se  Road  is  well  equipped  with  commodious 
depots,  rolling  stock,  and  all  that  pertains  to 
([tiick,  safe,  and  efficient  service. 


MTOggBBBIIgBllMffliyilUli^^ 


1 


road  courses  its 
he  j^reat  Palouse 
75,9-^0  acres,  of 
-T  cultivation,  at 
),ooo.  The  coun- 
:nd  the  stations, 
lourishing  towns, 
cifion  is  one  of 
rest.  The  lands 
re  are  thousands 
are  held  by  the 
my,  and  are  on 
md    easy    terms. 

$6.00  per  acre, 
t  prices  varying 
rdin^  to  location 
s.  The  Spokane 
with  commodious 

that   pertains   to 


SPHA8UI 

ROatR  MILLS 


Tin",    (.  KN  IKAI,    WAMI- 

INi:  ION     K  MI.Kii  \l). 

The  Central  Wash- 
ington, which  has  its 
general  offices  in  Spo- 
kane, runs  westerly 
through  the  center  nf 
the  Big  Bend  region, 
terminating  at  Grand 
Coulee,  124  miles  from 
Spokane.  This  road 
has  connections  by 
stage  with  Waterville. 
the     seat    of     Douglas 

County,  and  with  the  Okanogan  farming  and 
mining  regions.  The  country  through  which  the 
Central  ])asses  is  an  oiicii,  rolling  prairie,  the  cipial 
of  the  Palouse  region  in  wheat  raising.  It  is  in 
many  portions  fully  as  well  adapted  to  fruit 
raising  as  any  portion  of  the  State.  There 
remain  many  thousands  (jf  acres  of  Government 
and  railroad  lands,  open  to  entry  or  purchase  at 
prices  ranging  from  $2.50  to  $5  per  acre.  The 
road  pas.ses  through  Lincoln  County,  which  is 
fifty  miles  square  and  contains  1,450,000  acres,  of 
which  150,000  are  iinder  cultivation.  The  country 
along  the  line  of  the  railway  is  fairly  well  popu- 
lated. After  leaving  Lincoln  County  the  line 
passes  into  Douglas  County,  which  is  one  of  the 
largest  and  most  fertile  in  the  State.  It  has  2.500,- 
000  acres.  No  sec- 
tion  of  the  y-^\^  TT^ 
countr\- often 
better  in 


BARRELS  PER  DAY. 


vvith  a  ixipu'.ation  ol 
1.500,  the  site  of  ;i  Slate 
Normal  Scliool  ;  Med- 
ical Lake,  with  Soo  ]ieo- 
]ile,  and  the  vStatc  -\sy- 
Uim  for  the  Insane; 
Davenp(,rt,  with  900 
jjopulation;  Wilbur,  600 
])o]mIati<)n;  Almira,  200 
])o])iilation,  and  Coukc 
City,witii,5oo])opulation. 
Stage  lines  connect  here 
with  all  points  on  the 
Columbia  and  bevond. 


I)i;    S.MKI     A.    Ill, Ik    I>'\I,I,M,    k,\ll.Ko\l). 

This  line  was  formerly  known  as  tlie  Spokane  & 
Idaho.  It  properly  begins  at  Hauser  Junction, 
twenty  miles  east  of  Spokane,  and  extends  east- 
ward for  200  miles,  terminating  at  I  )e  Sniet,  Mont. 
It  passes  directly  through  the  C'cnr  d'Aleiie  min- 
ing region,  and  has  eleven  stations,  each  having 
suflicient  population  to  entitle  it  to  be  called  a 
town:  Frenehtown,  ^lont.,  300;  Iron  ^lountain, 
Mont.,  1,000;  Post  Falls,  Idaho,  600;  Cieur  d'Alene 
City,  Idaho,  800;  Wardner,  Idah(j,  1,000;  Wallace, 
Idaho,  2,500;  Osborne,  Idaho,  200;  Burke,  Idaho, 
yoo;  Mnllan,  Idaho,  500.  These  towns  are  mostly 
shipping  points  for  the  mines,  and  for  lumber,  hay, 
and  wool.     This  road  makes  connection   on  the 

east  with  Missoula 

JL  A^         and  on  the  west 


MPANV,    SPOKANE 


duccments  to 
settlers.  The 
principal  towns 
along   the  line 


theXorthern 
Pacific.  It 
also  touches 
at  Fort  Sher- 
man, Iilaho. 


o5| 


2  "  j; 


E  5 


5^ 


s 


MSMMMlmMmm^irmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm 


"PASSING   OF   THE    RED    ALVN." 


tioiis. 


IIIICRI-;  remain  fcmr  line  dDiiiains 
in  tliL'  i^rcat  delta  bclwe'cn  the 
liittLT  Ri.iit  Ran-c  and  tlic  Cas- 
cade Munntains,  whicli  arc  held 
by  remnants  of  what  were  once 
])(iwerful  tribes  of  Indians. 
■  These  are  the  Colville,  the  Cicur  d'Alene, 
the  Yakima,  and  the  Umatilla  reserva- 
In  the  choosinj;'  of  these  reserves,  the  red 
man  was  as  shrewd  and  wise  as  his  white  brotlier 
would  liave  been.  The  richest  and  most  attractive 
sections  of  all  this  fair  land  were  selected  and  set 
aside  as  the  abode  of  the  now  fast-fadinj^  race. 

The  Colville  Reserve  composes  the  west  half  of 
Stevens  County  and  the  eastern  lialf  of  Okanoj^an 
County,  between  the  Cohinibia  River  and  the 
Okano,L;an  River.  It  is  l)ounded  on  the  north  by 
liritish  Columbia,  and  on  the  south  by  the  west- 
ward course  of  the  Colinnliia,  and  embraces  3,000,- 
000  acres.  It  is  a  mountaiiicus  rejj'iou,  aboundin,!;' 
in  streams,  valleys,  undulating'  table-lands,  and 
densely  wooded  tracts  of  cedar,  pine,  and  fir.  It  is 
well  known  that  the  northern  portion  of  this 
reserve  is  rich  in  i.;'old,  siher,  and  copper.  I'>a,ncr 
prospectors  stealthily  made  l(jcations  of  claims, 
and  filed  records  of  them  in  the  office  of  the 
county  auditor.  The  Ic.nality  of  these  filinjj's  was 
questioned,  and  is  under  consideration  in  the 
United  States  District  Courts.  By  an  act  of  Con- 
i^ress  just  jiassed  and  api)roved  by  the  President, 
this  ri-'h  domain  is  now  o|)en  to  mineral  location 
and  development,  and  hundreds  of  prospectors  are 
already  in  camp  u]3on  it. 

The  Yakima  Reservation  is  located  in  Yakima 
County,  in  the  central    portion  of   the  State.     It 


AN   INDIAN   COWBOY 

contains  400,000  acres,  mostly  level  meadow  lands, 
which  lie  in  a  basin  formed  by  the  foothills  of  the 
Cascade  Rans^e  on  the  west,  the  bluffs  of  the  Ya- 
kima River  on  the  north  and  east,  and  the  hi.i^her 
rollini^  ])lains  of  Klickitat  County  on  the  south. 
( )nly  a  few  hundred  Indians  remain.  This  reserve 
is  well  watered  by  many  small  streams,  and  af- 
fords the  finest  ranj;e  for  cattle  and  horses  in  the 
State.  These  lands,  when  the  reserve  is  (/pened, 
will  be  eaii^'crly  sought  by  stock  and  grain  farmers. 
The  C<cur  d'Alene  Reservation  lies  between  the 
valley  of  the  Palouse  and  the  Cieur  d'Alene  Moun- 
tains, distant  only  a  few  miles  from  S])okane. 
The  Indians  (.n  tiiis  reservation  areci\ilized  to 
a  high  degree,  havi'  fine  farms  and  orchards, 
and  commodious,  comfortable  homes.  The 
eastern  part  of  this  reservation  is  one  of  the 
most  entrancing  parts  of  this  country.  Shel- 
tered glades  run  back  into  the  timber,  and  long 
arms  from  the  forests  reach  outinlij  the  prai- 
ries. The  land  is  well  watered,  and  groves  of 
(piaking  aspen  are  scattered  among  the  ]nne, 
cedar,  and  tamarack  forests.  Cioing  eastward 
the  forest  deepens,  until  the  traveler  comes  to 
the  summit  of  a  spur  of  wooded  mountain.s, 
and  sees,  far  beneath  hin),  the  beautiful  Lake 
C(eur  d'Alene,  thirty  miles  long  and  from  two 
to  tive  miles  wide,  with  numerous  deep  bays. 


LOON   LAKE.   WASH. 


( 

I 


I 


The  Umatilla  Reservation  is  located  in  the  center 
of  Umatilla  County,  Oregon,  in  the  northern  p(jr- 
tion  of  that  State.  That  re^Mim  ;is  ^  whole  com- 
prises the  very  cream  of  Northeastern  Orcj^on.  It 
contains  500,000  acres,  and  is  mostl)*  hi<;h,  rnllinj;- 
])rairiu  land.  There  arc  a  larj,^c  number  of  fine 
farms  on  the  reserve,  and  it  is  traversed  by  the 
Oregon  &  Short  Line  Railroad.  This  region  is 
watered  by  the  Umatilla  River  and  its  tributaries. 
The  country  surroundini;-  it  is  well  settled,  and  is 
in  a  hiH;h  state  of  cultivation.  The  time  of  the 
openinj,''  of  this  reserve  is  indefinite. 

The  Xcz  Perccs  Reservation  in  Nez  Perces 
County,  Idalio,  is  the  largest  of  any  south  of  the 
Colville  Reservation.  This  desirable  reser\-e  is 
located  near  the  eastern  boundary  t)f  Washini;lori, 
and   comprises  746,651    acres  of   as   fine   land  as 


road,  both   leadins^f  out 
of  vSpokane. 

eH.\(<i,    MA.vrrcH, 

KIM  I  IX. 


ever  the  sun  shone  upon, 
recently  been  opened 
to  settlement.  Al)out 
2,000  settlers  have  loca- 
ted iipon  lands  there, 
and  several  new  towns 
have  sprung-  U]).  The 
character  of  the  lantl  is 
(piite  diversified,  and 
pretty  well  divided  be- 
tween prairie  and  tim- 
ber lands.  There  are 
thousands  of  acres  yet 
open  to  purchase.  The 
anricultural  lands  can 
onlv    be     taken    under 


This  reserve 


has  (pnte 


A  CAMPING   SCENE 


"DEATH-ON.THE-TRAIL,"  SIX  FEET 
SIX  INCHES  TALL.     A  SPO- 
KANE CHARACTER. 


the  homestead  law,  but, 
in  addition  thereto,  the 
settler  must  pay  $3.75 
per  acre,  one-half  of 
which  must  be  paid 
within  three  years  from 
date  of  entry,  the  re- 
maining' half  at  date  of 
f  nal  proof.  As  a  lum- 
ber region  it  has  no 
superior. 

Price  of  timber  lands, 
$5.00  per  acre.  This  re- 
gion is  reached  via 
the  vSpokane  &  Palousc 
Railroad,  and  the  Ore- 
gon Sc  Xavigati(jn  Rail- 


The  Kootenai  River 
is  600  miles  long. 

The  Valley  of  the 
Yakima  is  about  200 
miles   long. 

It  is  about  twenty- 
five  miles  across  the 
Kittitas  Valley. 

The  State  of  Wash- 
ington is  one-t'ourth 
larger    than     England. 

L;ike  Chelan  is  sev- 


BROOK  TROUT  FOR  BREAKFAST 

cniy  miles  long  and 
from  one  to  three 
miles    wide. 

The  Palouse  country 
is  about  100  miles  in 
length  and  thirt}'  to 
seventy  miles   wide. 

The  (loNernment  sig- 
nal otiicer  stationed  at 
Spokane  says  the  etjua- 
bility  of  the  temper- 
ature in  the  State  of 
Washington  is  un- 
ecjualcd  in  any  other 
part  of  the  United 
States  except  on  the 
immediate  coast  of  Southern  California. 

ri.  II.  Spalding  of  Almota,  Wa.sh.,  has  gathered 
120  ])()unds  of  fruit  per  tree  from  three-year-old 
peach  trees. 

Artesian  wells  in  the  Moxee  Valley  vary  in 
depth  from  300  to  1,000  feet.  One  of  these  flows 
over  1,000,000  gallons  every  twenty-four  hours. 
From  an  eight-year-old  apple  tree,  John 
Gallagher  of  the  Wenatchee  Valley  picked  about 
400  pounds  of  green  fruit,  to  keep  the  branches 
from  breaking  down. 

The  Klickitat  country  in  Washington  is 
bounded  liy  the  Columbia  River  on  the  scnith 
and  by  the  Simco,-  iountains  on  the  north.  It 
is  about  100  miles  long  by  froni  twenty  to  thirtv 
miles  wide.  It  is  drained  by  the  Klickitat  River 
and  numerous  smaller  streams. 


44 


MiWMMIiiiWMMIMIIItlimiiiliiyilliMlffl^ 


DUT  FOR  BREAKFAST. 

ilcs  liiii.i;'  and 
jiiu  ti)  three 
vide. 

^al(nise  country 

t    loo   miles   in 

and     thirty    to 

miles   wide. 

lovernment  si,i;- 

cer  stationed  at 

2  says  the  C(iiia- 

)f    the    teniper- 

n    the    State   of 

n.y;ton     is    iin- 

in    any    other 

f     the     United 

cxce])t    (in    the 

ornia. 

h.,  has  j^athered 
1  three-year-old 

Valley  vary  in 
e  (if  these  flows 
nty-four  hours, 
lie  tree,  John 
jy  picked  about 
•])  the  branches 

Washinj^ton  is 
r  on  the  south 
I  the  north.  It 
wenty  to  thirty 
Klickitat  River 


PUBLIC  AND  OTHER   LANDS. 


UK  Spokane  Land  Office  district  includes 
the  counties  of  Adams,  Lincoln,  Okan- 
ojjan,  vSpokahe,  Stevens,  Whitman,  and 
]iart  of  Dou;,das. 

The  total  area  of  land  surface  in  the 
counties  of  this  district  is  8,2,^9,750  acres. 
The  area  disposed  of,  u])  to  March  ,?i, 
1896,  is  4,18,^,747  acres. 

The  £irca  in  acres  reserved  a^^i^-rej^ates 
1,980,160. 
The  area  in  acres  unappropriated,  unreserved, 
surveyed  and  unsui-veyed 
amounts  to  2,154,568. 


arable  and  valuable  for  fruit  and  j^rain.  Lincoln  : 
Farming-,  fruit,  and  j;Tazin);-.  Okanoj^an  :  Moun- 
tainou.s,  mineral,  fruit,  and  )frazinJ,^  Spokane: 
I'arniinj;-,  j^ardcninj^-,  mineral,  and  fruit  lands. 
Stevens  :  ^lountainous  and  valley,  mineral  ;  val- 
uable for  timber,  mines,  fruit,  and  farmin.y. 
Whitman  :   Farminj;-,  fruit,  and  j;razin(4-. 

In  all  the  counties  of  this  district  are  excellent 
lands  for  fruits,  vegetables,  and  stock-raisinJ,^ 

Settlers  ujjon  unsurveyed  lands  have  prior  ri},dit 
to  homc.-itead  entry  after  the  lands  are  surveyed. 

The  Northern  Pacific 
Railroad    Company  has. 


BANK    BUILDINGS 
I.    Tiadeis'    National   Bank, 
3.    Spokane    &    Eastern    Trust    Co 


The  area  r)f  lanil  sur- 
face in  the  several  coun- 
ties is  :  Adams,  734,000 
acres  ;  Douylas  (portion 
included  in  this  district), 

1,500;  Lincoln,  1,490,250;  Okan(jj.;an,  274,500; 
Spokane,  1,134,700;  Stevens,  3,951,500  ;  Whitman, 
653)300.  There  arc  no  reservations  in  Adams, 
Douj^las,  Spokane,  or  Whitman. 

The  acreage  reserved  is  ;  Whitman,  700;  Okan- 
ogan, 274,500;  vStevens,  1,704,960. 

Lands  surveyed  are  :  Adams  County,  168,885 
acres  ;  Lincoln,  230,691  ;  Spokane,  28,516  ;  Stevens, 
251,262  ;  Whitman,  20,793. 

Unsurveyed  lands  ^n  this  district  are  situated  : 
Dotijrlas,  1,500;  Lincoln,  8,483;  Spokane,  91,950; 
Stevens,  1,352,488. 

The  lands  in  Adams  and   I)ou,i,rlas  counties  arc 


IN    SPOKANE. 

J.   Old    National    Bank, 
4,    Exchange    National    Bank 


nder    its    grant,    every 
odd   section    for   twenty 


miles  on  each  side  of  its 
main  line,  and  branches 
which  were  constructed. 
For  lands  lost  on  account  of  priority  of  settle- 
ment, reservations,  or  State  selections,  it  has 
indemnity  or  lieu  selections,  extending  its  pos- 
sessions into  all  the  counties  in  this  district. 
These  lands  are  for  sale  at  various  prices,  accord- 
ing to  locality. 

Unimproved  farming  and  fruit  lands  may  be 
bought  in  Eastern  Washingt(jn  and  Northern 
Idaho  at  from  $2.50  to  $10  per  acre.  Improved 
farms  and  orchard  land  can  be  bought  at  from 
§8  to  §30  per  acre.  Choice  unimproved  fruit 
lands,  within  five  to  ten  miles  of  Sjjokane,  may 
be  had  for  from  $10  to  $30  per  acre. 


45 


HI 


ti 


EDUCATION   IN  EASTERN  WASHINGTON. 
1.  State  Normal  School  at  Cheney,  Wash.  2.  Univ»rsity  of  lilaho  at  Moscow.  3,  Co'fax  High  School. 

5    Public  School,  Garfield.  Wath.  6.  Spokar  j  Business  College 


4.  Public  School,  Pullman,  Wash, 


..^ftvt^vs^: 


tJnl^ 


;v»r:5^ 


0»^-*-  I' ARMS    AND    ORCHARDS. 


KAXOC.AN    VALLHV    lies    n,,rt:i 
(if  tliL'   Hij,f  Ik'iul   coiinlry,  with  tliu 
Columbia   Ri\cr  iiUtTvcniii),'.     Tlir 
liV        iiiipcr  portiiins  dl"  tiiu  valley  cniitaiii 
iraiiy  fine  sloek    ranges.      The    l)i>t- 
tdiu  aiul  hill  lands  ai'c   snitalilc    t'ur 
farniin^^       .Vppk's,    ])lnnis,    pcaehcs, 
f,'Tapcs,  and  small   fruits  are  j,Tii\vn, 
Rich  silver  and  lead  liearinj^  ores  are  mined 
/'  on  the  Coiieonnlly  River,  a  tributary  of  the 

( Jkanoj^an. 
The  Chelan  and  Methow  re;^;ion  lies  s(Uith\vest 
and  conti)^uons  to  the  ( )kan()jian  eountry.  It  is 
drained  by  the 
Methow  and  Che- 
lan rivers.  Lake 
Chelan  is  a  pictur- 
esipie,  navijrable 
sh^et  of  water,  sev- 
enty miles  lon.Lf  by 
one  to  four  miles 
wide.  The  ^le- 
thow  and  its  trib- 
utaries, and  the 
streams  flowinj^ 
into  Lake  Chelan 
have  narrow  fer- 
tile valleys.  These 
and  the  slopes  of 
adjacent  hills  eon- 
tain  a  good  deal  of 
arable  f  a  r  m  i  n  jjf 
land  and  bunch- 
grass  ])asturage. 
Mines  of  silver  and  lead  are 
in  the  mountain  districts. 


THE    LUSCIOUS   PEAR 

being   developed 


WAI.I.A  WAI.l.A,  "wiiKKi:   ruK  \v\ri.Ks  MF.ir. 

The  Walla  Walla  country  lies  between  vSnake 
River  on  the  north  and  the  lilue  Mountains  on  the 
south,  and  is  the  oldest  settled  portion  of  i-lastcrn 
W;ishington,  and  one  of  the  most  attractive.  This 
region  jjractically  la])s  over  into  the  State  of  Ore- 
gon. It  is  an  undulating  plateau,  deeply  creased 
by  the  narrow  valleys  of  the  streams.  It  is  an 
exceedingly  fertile  and  attractive  region,  with 
substantial  towns  and  numerous  railroad  lines. 
The  average  yield  of  wheat  rarely  falls  below 
twenty-live  bushels  to  the  acre,  and  with  careful 
cultivation,  in  favorable  seasons,  forty  and  fifty 
bushels  are  raised.  The  .seed  is  sown  either  in  the 
nil  or  s])ring,  as  suits  the  farmer's  convenience. 


'i'iie  harvest  season  begins  the  ist  of  July,  i.-id 
lasts  into  September,  H.irle)-  is  the  ni\t  most 
important  cereal  cro]).  ( )rchards  abound,  and  tlie 
culture  of  a])|)les,  ])eaches,  ])ruiies,  cherries,  pears, 
plmns,  grapes,  and  berries  is  a  leading  industry. 

'•  will  Kr.    I  Ml,   ni:i)    \i  w    I'll  NU  s." 

The  Yakima  Valley  lies  north  of  the  Klickitat 
countr\-,  reaching  from  tlie  Coliimliia  River  to  the 
Cascade  Mountains,  and  is  about  ioo  miles  long. 
The  central  ])arts  of  the  valley  contain  the  l)est 
agricultural  lands.  I'or  the  last  fifty  miles  of  its 
cour.se,  the  river  runs  through  a  dry  region.     The 

soil  is  Wonderfully 
rich,  however,  and 
irrigation  has  ren- 
dered it  exceed- 
ingly ])roductive. 
The  middle  \alley 
issiipjiosed  to  have 
once  been  the  bed 
of  a  series  of  lakes. 
The  tii)per\-alley  is 
a  region  of  moun- 
tains and  foothills, 
clothed  with  for- 
ests. The  table- 
lands and  hills  are 
covered  with  sage 
in  ])art,  and  in  ])art 
with  lu.xuriant 
bunch  grass.  They 
and  the  adjacent 
valleys  have  been 
famous  for  a  ciuarter  of  a  century  as  the  grand- 
est pasture  lands  of  the  Northwest.  Great  prog- 
ress has  been  made  in  irrigating  etiterjjrises 
in  the  Yakima  Valley  and  along  the  tributary 
streams  flowing  to  the  river.  Main  canals  have 
been  constructed  covering  both  the  first  and 
second  benches  of  the  northern  side  of  the  vallej' 
for  a  distance  of  nearly  loo  miles,  and  lands  thus 
brought  under  ditch  are  found  to  be  nowhere 
excelled  for  general  fertility  and  for  special  adap- 
tation to  the  raising  of  frnits,  hops,  vegetables, 
grains,  and  gras.ses.  The  cultivation  of  apples, 
jiriines,  cherries,  plums,  peaches,  apricot.s,  pears, 
gra]ies,  strawberries,  rasjiberrie.s,  and  other  small 
fruits  is  attended  with  marked  snecess,  the  fruit 
attaining  great  pert'ection  of  size  and  flavor,  and 
great  abundance  of  yield  The  hop  industry  Iku 
been  a  leading  industrv. 


c  Schoal.  Pullman,  Was*!, 


I! 


'  # 


r 


g:^^y^^^  ^S^r<**^^'=^^^--^f^**^ff-^\ 


BIRDS-EYE  V1E//S  OF  SPOKANE. 
48 


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11 


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A  RACE  fDR  EMPIRE 


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AND 


OTHER  TRUE  TALES 
or  ThE  NORTHWEST 


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